《字学纂要》汉字俗写探源  

The Sources of Chinese Fork Characters in Zi Xue Zuan Yao

作　　者：史维坤 Shi Weikun(Center for the Study and Application of Chinese Characters,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心,上海200241

出　　处：《中国文字研究》2020年第2期232-240,共9页The Study of Chinese Characters

摘　　要：《字学纂要》是一本在广西龙州金龙地区发现的集汉字、方块壮字、喃字于一体的手抄汉字学习课本,也有查询功能,可作工具书。该书以汉字为字头,方块壮字和喃字为注释,抄写时间应为清代晚期。书中汉字俗写众多,来源复杂。辨明其俗写来源,是挖掘文本背后隐藏信息的关键。通过考察比对,可知其中汉字俗写来源主要有四种:多数直接继承于中原历代异体字;少部分沿袭了越南特色俗字;有些可能是受喃字影响而作;还有些是在中原汉字基础上稍加改动而成;还有一些暂时无法判定来源的字,文章也举例说明。Zi Xue Zuan Yao,a handwriting textbook for learning Chinese copied in late Qin Dynasty,is a good resource to investigate Chinese fork characters.It was found in the place in southwest China bordered with Vietnam,namely Jinlong Town,Longzhou County,Guangxi Province in the year 2004.It can be also used as a dictionary,in which Chinese characters are learning objects,while Zhuang's diamond-shaped characters and Chu Noms are postil.More than 690 Chinese fork characters and their complex sources in this version are good resources to investigate this area's hidden but valuable historical and cultural messages in late Qin Dynasty.Four main sources are discovered through careful investigating and comparing with Chinese ancient dictionaries and Vietnamese Chinese character books.We found that more than 90%Chinese fork characters in this version come from ancient China,while some of them come from Chu Nom,and special Chinese fork Characters from Vietnam.A few are slightly deformed Chinese characters.The unknown source Chinese fork characters are demonstrated by examples selected from the book.Finally,the article discussed the historical and cultural messages unveiled by the sources of the Chinese fork characters,and we believe that fork characters play an important role in the spread of Chinese characters in Central Plains to the surrounding areas,and the cultural exchanges of different nations and countries are mutual.This book was first produced in Vietnam and then appeared in the Zhuang area in China,which is related to the living environment of Chu Nom and Zhuang s diamond-shaped characters.

关 键 词：俗字 方块壮字 喃字 字书 

分 类 号：H124.3[语言文字—汉语] H218H44