粳稻谷低温仓储期间粮堆特性及加工品质的变化  

Changes in Grain Bulk Properties of Japonica Paddy in a Warehouse and Processing Quality during Lower Temperature Storage

作　　者：段义三 马建勇 李兴军 丁进 冯吉东 田琳 刘俊明 陶利思 DUAN Yisan;MA Jianyong;LI Xingjun;DING Jin;FENG Jidong;TIAN Lin;LIU Junming;TAO Lisi(Shandong Grain Reserve Depot for Army Provision,Qihe 251100,China;Changping Pilot,Academy of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 102209,China;Shangdong Luliang Jituan Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250012,China;Food College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省军粮储备库,山东齐河251100 [2]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院昌平基地,北京102209 [3]山东鲁粮集团有限公司,山东济南250012 [4]四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2021年第9期289-298,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：院所-企业合作研发项目(H20001);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ012-4)。

摘　　要：分析了高大平房仓中含水率14%的粳稻谷在空调控粮面准低温的储藏技术下,粮堆温度、相对湿度(RH)、含湿量、湿球和露点温度变化与加工品质的关系。结果显示,在3月25日~9月30日期间,在6月21日和9月2日粮堆一层均温增加有两个峰值,分别是22和25.9℃,一层含湿量两个峰值分别是0.0117和0.0147 kg/kg,一层湿球温度两个峰值分别是18.3和21.8℃,一层露点温度两个峰值分别是16.5和19.6℃,二层、三层及四层的均温、含湿量、湿球和露点温度均近似线性增加。粮堆一、二、三、四层的平均RH分别是69.9%、71.1%、68.9%、70.0%。四次扦样测定的稻谷含水率呈现减少趋势,出米率和加工的大米外观品质没有明显变化,米饭品尝得分在89分以上。5月20日~9月13日117 d中,空调开启了74 d,粮面均温21.5℃,5月17日~9月12日期间粮堆一层、二层、三层、四层的平均湿球温度分别是17.7、10.7、7.2、10.5℃。粮面的谷蠹和米象卵完成了生活史,导致7月2~7日、8月6~16日两次局部熏蒸作业,9月23日~10月9日整仓熏蒸。Changes in temperature,relative humidity(RH),humidity ratio,wet bulb and dewpoint temperature,and processing quality in japonica paddy bulk with moisture of 14%were determined in a large flat warehouse with controlling of quasi-lower temperature in bulk surface by air conditionings.The results showed that during March 26 to September 30,2019,the first layer of paddy bulk had two peaks in average temperature of 22 and 25.9℃on June 21 and September 2,respectively.The average humidity ratio,wet bulb temperature,in dew point temperature in the first layer at the same dates also had two peaks of 0.0117 and 0.0147 kg/kg,18.3 and 21.4℃,16.5 and 19.6℃,respectively.The average temperature,humidity ratio,wet bulb and dewpoint temperature in the second,third,and fourth layer all presented approximately linear increase.The average RHs in the first,second,third and fourth layer were 69.9%,71.1%,68.9%,and 70.0%,respectively.The moisture content in the four samplings tended to decease,and the head rice yield and appearance quality of milled rice showed no significant change,with a taste score of more than 89 in cooked rice.During 117 days from May 20 to September 13,air-conditionings ran 74 days,the average temperature in bulk surface was 21.5℃.The wet-bulb temperature in the first,second,third,and fourth layer were 17.7,10.7,7.2,and 10.5℃,respectively.The eggs of Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryze in gain bulk surface finished their life cycle,and resulted in twice local fumigations from July 2 to July 7,and August 6 to August 16,and finally a whole warehouse fumigation from September 23 to October 9.

关 键 词：粳稻谷 高大平房仓 粮面控准低温 空调 粮堆含湿量 湿球温度 

分 类 号：TS201.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]