蔬菜穴盘苗移栽自动取苗技术现状与分析  

Current situation and analysis of automatic pick-up technology for vegetable plug seedlings

作　　者：文永双 张俊雄[1] 袁挺[1] 谭豫之[1] WEN Yongshuang;ZHANG Junxiong;YUAN Ting;TAN Yuzhi(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第4期128-142,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701303)。

摘　　要：自动取苗是蔬菜穴盘苗全自动移栽机的核心技术,快速、精确、低损伤取苗是蔬菜穴盘苗自动移栽作业的重要保障。自动取苗机构结构复杂、种类繁多,为使自动移栽领域的应用或科研人员能够快速系统了解自动取苗技术,合理选型或设计取苗机构,采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法,对国内外自动取苗技术进行研究。对取苗技术进行分类对比分析,结果表明:顶出式、顶夹式取苗机械结构简单,取苗效率高,不易伤苗;指钳式取苗稳定可靠、适应性强;直落式取苗机构布置灵活,可同时完成取苗和投苗,但需特制穴盘,仅适合小苗移栽。当前我国自动取苗技术发展所面临的主要问题有:制钵、育苗、取苗等环节不匹配;蔬菜生产劳动者兼职化老龄化严重;缺乏高性能取苗技术等。结合国内外自动取苗技术研究进展和我国蔬菜生产农艺和现状,提出了问题的应对措施。针对取苗技术的发展提出以下建议:提高取苗速率,降低钵苗损伤率;简单型与智能型并重发展;向机-电-液-气一体式大型机和机械式小型机发展;取苗机构采用模块化设计。The plug seedling pick-up technology is the key technology of the automatic transplanter for vegetable plug seedlings.Fast,accurate and low-injury seedling pick-up are important guarantee for the automatic transplanting of vegetable plug seedlings.The automatic seedling pick-up mechanisms are complex in structure and diverse in variety.In order to enable the application or scientific research personnel in the field of automatic transplanting to quickly and systematically understand the current seedling pick-up technology,rationally select or design the seedling pick-up mechanism,the methods of literature review and induction were used to study the automatic seedling pick-up technology at home and abroad.The classification and comparative analysis of seedling pick-up techniques showed that:The ejector type and ejector-clamp type seedling pick-up mechanism have simple structure,high efficiency and low injury rate;Finger-clamp type seedling pick-up mechanism is stable,reliable and adaptable;The vertical-dropping type seedling pick-up mechanism is flexible in layout,which can complete seedling pick-up and seedling throwing at the same time,but special trays are required,which is only suitable for small seedlings.At present,the main problems facing the development of automatic seedling pick-up technology in our country are as follows:The mismatch of plug making,seedling raising,and seedling pick-up,etc.;Part-time and aging vegetable production labors are serious;Lack of high-performance seedling pick-up technology.Combining the research progress of automatic seedling pick-up technology at home and abroad and the agronomy and status quo of vegetable production in our country,countermeasures were put forward in this study.Suggestions were put forward for the development of seedling pick-up technology by increasing in seedling pick-up speed and reduce plug seedlings injury rate;paying equal attention to simple and intelligent development,developing towards machine-electric-hydraulic-pneumatic integrated large transplante

关 键 词：蔬菜 穴盘苗 移栽 自动移栽机 取苗技术 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]