基于SVM观测器的新异类故障检测方法及应用  

Novelty Faults Detection Method Based on SVM Observer and Its Application

作　　者：李运[1,2,3] 杨世海 吴佳佳[1,2,3] 顾伯忠 LI Yun;YANG Shihai;WU Jiajia;GU Bozhong(National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Chinese Academy of Science Nanjing,210042,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing,210042,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所,南京210042 [2]南京天文光学技术研究所中国科学院天文光学技术重点实验室,南京210042 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2021年第2期292-298,411,共8页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11973065,11373052);国家基础研究发展计划“九七三”计划资助项目(2013CB834901)。

摘　　要：针对目前天文望远镜驱动系统新异类故障检测遇到的先验信息不足、特征描述困难等现状,提出一种基于支持向量机状态观测器的新异类故障检测方法。首先,以望远镜驱动系统为对象,介绍该方法的基本原理,并建立通用状态观测器诊断模型;其次,以望远镜运行数据为样本对该方法进行验证。该方法新异类故障检测准确率为94%,耗时为0.047 s;同类反向传播(back propagation,简称BP)、径向基函数(radial basis function,简称RBF)观测器检测准确率为85.5%和58%,耗时为7.628和1.985 s。结果表明:基于支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM)状态观测器对望远镜驱动系统新异类故障检测性能明显优于误差反向传播和径向基函数观测器。将该方法实现于故障诊断及自愈半物理仿真平台,证明其工程应用的可行性。In light of the lack of prior information and the difficulties in characterizing when detecting novelty faults of the driving systems of astronomical telescopes,the method based on the SVM observer is proposed.First,the principles of the proposed method are introduced and a diagnostic model of the general state observer is established in terms of the driving systems of astronomical telescopes. Then,the telescope’s operation data are used as samples to test the proposed method. It takes 0.047 s to detect novelty faults and the accuracy is94%. Meanwhile,the back propagation(BP)observer needs 7.628 s and finishes with a accuracy of 85.5%,and the radial basis function(RBF)observer only reaches a accuracy of 58% within 1.985 s. Compared with them,the method based the support vector machine(SVM)observer has obvious advantages. Finally,the proposed method is implemented on a fault diagnosis and self-healing semi-physical simulation platform,which proves its feasibility in engineering applications.

关 键 词：天文望远镜 支持向量机 观测器 新异类 故障检测 

分 类 号：TH751[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TP207[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]