固定翼微型飞行器展弦比对气动特性的影响  

Effect of Aspect Ratio on Aerodynamic Characteristics for A Fixed-WingMicro Aerial Vehicle

作　　者：王芳 余春锦[1] WANG Fang;YU Chun-jin(School of Flight Vehicle Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 333063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学飞行器工程学院,南昌330063

出　　处：《南昌航空大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期9-13,21,共6页Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11962018);南昌航空大学博士启动金(EA201006045)。

摘　　要：研究了弦长15 cm固定翼微型飞行器的展弦比对机翼升力面气动特性的影响。以MAV常用的翼面形状反齐莫曼为基础,再设置了4种展弦比,采用有限体积方法分别对不同展弦比模型的三维绕流进行数值模拟,并着重分析了模型上表面流场情况及翼尖绕流对上下表面流场的影响。结果表明:展弦比为0.5时上下表面压力差较小,升力不足;展弦比为2时,常用攻角范围内上翼面会出现较大的气流分离;展弦比为1时,升力面受翼尖涡影响较大;展弦比为1.5的固定翼微型飞行器既能保持大展弦比的高升力,又能较好地避免大攻角时的气流分离带来的不利影响。该研究结果对MAV设计研究具有一定的指导意义。The effect of aspect ratio on the aerodynamic characteristics for a 15 cm fixed-wing microaircraft airfoil was studied.Based on the common airfoil shape of the MAV,the four kinds of aspect ratios were set.The finite volume method was used to numerically simulate the three-dimensional flow around different aspect ratio models,and the surface flow field on the model and the influence of the flow around the wing tip on the flow field of the upper and lower surfaces were analyzed.It is concluded that when the aspect ratio is 0.5,the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces is small,and the lift is insufficient;when the aspect ratio is 2,the upper airfoil surface will have a large airflow separation in the common attack angle range;when the aspect ratio is 1,the lift surface is greatly affected by the wing tip vortex;The fixed-wing MAVS with aspect ratio of 1.5 can not only maintain high lift force with big aspect ratio,but also avoid the adverse effects of airflow separation at high angle of attack.This research has certain guiding significance for MAV design.

关 键 词：展弦比 气流分离 翼尖涡 微型飞行器 

分 类 号：V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]