董仲舒礼学思想初探  

A Probe into Dong Zhongshu’s Thought of Rites

作　　者：谢遐龄[1] XIE Xialing(School of Social Development and Public Policy,Fudan University,Shanghai200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2021年第3期3-10,共8页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究》(19ZDA027)。

摘　　要：董学为《春秋》学,按某个维度看,相当于今日的历史哲学;公羊学,是宗教性历史哲学,即王道学。董子的历史使命是重修王教,于六艺中特重《春秋》。他响应时代的要求,探讨治国思路与治国活动内涵的宗教性——合乎天命,试图从《春秋》学中整理出礼学的基本结构——国家体制包含‚天、君、民‛三个层面。当代学者多半未把天看作国家体制的组成部分,且有妄谈天之‚超越性‛的趋向,因而对中国古代社会及当代社会的理解都有片面性。董子对这一结构确立了‚屈民而伸君,屈君而伸天‛的王道学原理。祭礼是王道学的重要部分,称之为核心部分亦不为过。孔子重礼学,尤其重视祭礼,认为懂得禘义的人才能治国理政了如指掌。董子三统五端理论是对孔子课题的回应。The study of Dong Zhongshu is a study of the Spring and Autumn Period;itcorresponds to today’s philosophy of history when viewed from a certain dimension;Gongyang’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals is about religious philosophy of history,which is the study of the benevolent governance.Dong Zi’s historical mission is to reconstruct the King’s religion,but he lays great importance to The Spring and Autumn Annals in the six arts to meet the needs of the times and explore the religious nature of the ideas and activities of governing the country,which is in line with the mandate of heaven.This paper attempts to sort out the basic structure of rites from the study of The Spring and Autumn Annals,that is,the three levels of“heaven,monarch and people”in the state system.Most contemporary scholars do not regard heaven as an integral part of the state system,and some of them have wild talk about the“transcendence”of heaven,therefore,they have a one-sided understanding of ancient Chinese society and contemporary society.Dong Zi established the principle of governing a country,that is,“People must obey the monarch absolutely,and the monarch must obey the will of heaven absolutely.”Sacrificial rites is an important part of the theory of benevolent governance or the core part of it.Confucius emphasizes the study of rites,especially the sacrificial rites,and believes that those who understandsacrificial rites are well familiar with the governance of the country.Dong Zi’s theory of santong and wuduan(the clarification of the institutional arrangements for offering sacrifices to the heavens,ancestors and ancestors of each dynasty and the significance of sacrificial rites)is a response to Confucius’idea.

关 键 词：董仲舒 礼学 ‚天、君、民‛结构 三统五端 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]