言语策略选用的倚仗基础和文化支撑——以赞扬和批评为例  

Basis and Cultural Support of Speech Strategy Selectionfrom Perspective of Cross-cultural Pragmatics--Taking Praise and Criticism as Examples

作　　者：田学军[1] 解欣然 TIAN Xuejun;XIE Xinran(College of Foreign Studies,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学外国语学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《北部湾大学学报》2020年第9期71-76,共6页Journal of BeiBu Gulf University

基　　金：国家留学基金全额奖学金项目:中国文化推广现状、路径和展望/人际策略交往的互动顺应特性研究(20130B320141);教育科学规划教育部重点项目:教育国际化视阈下大学生跨文化学习能力影响因素及对策研究(DIA140305)。

摘　　要：在跨文化交际中,不同文化背景的交际者面临着如何实施策略、回应赞扬和批评的跨文化挑战,而赞扬和批评的跨文化语用研究成果极其有限。例如,受集体主义文化的塑造和管约,汉语倾向于选用非常规的赞扬、批评言语策略;而美国个体主义文化风行,用语上倾向于选用常规的赞扬、批评言语策略。在跨文化交际中,容易造成误解的通常是非常规的赞扬和非常规的批评。中美两国人在赞扬用语方面的区别主要体现在对赞扬的回应上;在批评用语方面的区别主要体现在"脸面"的"赏罚"上。对赞扬、批评言语策略的属性、文化表征及其文化动因的探寻,有利于规避有意识、无意识的语用负迁移,增进跨文化交际的质量和效率。In cross-cultural communication,communicators from different cultural backgrounds face the cross-cultural challenge of how to well implement and respond to praise and criticism,while the results of cross-cultural pragmatic research on praise and criticism are extremely limited.China is shaped and controlled by collectivist culture,and tends to choose unconventional praise and criticism speech strategies,while American is popular and beautiful individualism culture,and tends to choose conventional ones.In cross-cultural communication,often unconventional praise and unconventional criticism are easy to be misunderstood.In praise,the difference between China and the United States is mainly reflected in the response to it,and in criticism,the difference is mainly reflected in the reward and punishment of"face"(self-respect).The exploration of the attributes,cultural representation and cultural motivation of praise and criticism speech strategies is beneficial to avoid conscious and unconscious pragmatic negative transfer and improve the quality and efficiency of intercultural communication.

关 键 词：跨文化语用学 赞扬 批评 言语策略 文化动因 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]