日粮添加益生菌对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on production performance,milk quality and intestinal flora of dairy cows

作　　者：隋明[1,3,4] 吴亚楠 李俊儒 张凤英[1] 周文[1,4] 王家瑞[3] 唐明妮[3] SUI Ming;WU Yanan;LI Junru;ZHANG Fengying;ZHOU Wen;WANG Jiarui;TANG Mingni(Sichuan Technology&Business college,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province 611830;Xinke animal husbandry technology service center,Daqing,Heilongjiang Province 163000,China;Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Region Danba County government,Danba,Sichuan Province 626399,China;Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan Prvoince 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川工商职业技术学院,四川都江堰611830 [2]大庆市新科畜牧技术服务中心,黑龙江大庆163000 [3]甘孜藏族自治区丹巴县革什扎镇镇政府,四川丹巴626399 [4]四川大学,四川成都610065

出　　处：《中国饲料》2021年第11期50-54,共5页China Feed

基　　金：国家农牧办项目“中国奶牛群体遗传改良计划”(2008-2020)DHI检测;四川工商职业技术学院对口丹巴县扶贫项目。

摘　　要：为研究日粮中添加益生菌对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、乳品质及肠道菌群的影响,本试验根据单因素随机设计,将健康、体重接近的120头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理组,每组30头。试验1组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组饲喂在基础日粮中依次添加20、40、60 g/d的益生菌日粮,预试期为7 d,试验正式期为60 d。结果表明:(1)随着试验天数的增加,各组产奶量逐渐增多。在试验第30、60天及全程,试验3组和试验4组的产奶量显著高于试验1组,分别提高了12.39%、10.82%;14.79%、14.05%;8.74%、8.38%。随着试验天数的增加,各组的干物质采食量有增加的趋势,但在每个时间点,各组干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)试验3组和试验4组的乳脂率显著高于试验1组和试验2组(P<0.05),分别提高了23.53%、21.89%;16.31%、14.77%。试验3组的乳蛋白率显著高于试验1、2、4组(P<0.05),分别提高了17.5%、10.26%、9.62%。试验3组和试验4组的乳糖显著高于试验1组,分别提高了10.60%和8.52%。(3)试验3组和试验4组的乳酸菌数量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),分别提高了70.00%和80.83%。综上所述,在奶牛日粮中添加复合益生菌可以显著提高产奶量,改善乳品质,改变肠道菌群结构,改善肠道健康,且最适添加剂量为40 g/d。In this experiment,in order to study the effects of adding probiotics in the diet on the production performance,milk quality and intestinal flora of Holstein dairy cows,according to a single-factor random design,120 healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar weights were randomly divided into 4 treatment group,30 heads per group.Test 1 group(control group)was fed with basal diet.Tests 2,3 and 4 groups were fed with 20,40,60 g/d probiotic diets in the basal diet.The pre-test period was 7 days.The official period was 60 days.The results showed that:(1)As the number of test days increased,the milk production of each group gradually increased.On the 30th,60th day and the whole experiment,the milk production of experiment 3 group and experiment 4 group was significantly higher than that of experiment 1 group,which increased by 12.39%,10.82%;14.79%,14.05%;8.74%,8.38%,respectively.As the number of test days increased,the dry matter intake of each group had an increasing trend,but at each time point,the difference in dry matter intake of each group was not significant(P>0.05).(2)The milk fat rate of test group 3 and test group 4 was significantly higher than test group 1 and group 2(P<0.05),which increased by 23.53%,21.89%;16.31%,14.77%,respectively.The milk protein rate of test 3 group was significantly higher than that of test 1,2 and test 4 groups(P<0.05),which increased by 17.5%,10.26%and 9.62%,respectively.The lactose of test 3 and test 4 groups was significantly higher than that of test 1 and test 2 groups,which increased by 10.60%and 8.52%respectively.(3)The number of lactic acid bacteria in test 3 and test 4 groups was significantly higher than that in test 1 group(P<0.05),which increased by 70.00%and 80.83%,respectively.In summary,adding compound probiotics to dairy cow diets could significantly increase milk production,improve milk quality,change the structure of intestinal flora,and improve intestinal health,and the optimal dosage was 40 g/d.

关 键 词：益生菌 生产性能 乳品质 肠道菌群 荷斯坦奶牛 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]