轮径差对车轮踏面磨耗和滚动接触疲劳的影响分析  

Analysis of the influence of wheel diameter difference on wheel tread wear and rolling contact fatigue

作　　者：王红兵 丁旺才[1] 宋杨法 李国芳[1,2] 吴步昊 王相平 WANG Hongbing;DING Wangcai;SONG Yangfa;LI Guofang;WU Buhao;WANG Xiangping(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Mechatronics T and R Institute,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学机电技术研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2021年第5期1277-1288,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11962013,11732014,6206301);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(20JR10RA23);甘肃省高等学校创新基金资助项目(2020A-035)。

摘　　要：轮径差缺陷的长期作用对车轮磨耗以及滚动接触疲劳影响十分显著。基于多体动力学理论建立车辆动力学模型,计算全局接触参数;基于FASTSIM算法建立局部轮轨接触模型,计算接触斑内的轮轨接触应力分布及滑动距离;将其输入车轮踏面磨耗预测模型,计算接触斑内的磨耗分布;将接触斑内的磨耗分布叠加至车轮踏面,计算4种典型轮径差影响下的车轮踏面磨耗分布、磨耗深度和磨耗速率,并基于磨耗结果进行显著磨耗工况下的滚动接触疲劳分析。研究结果表明:随着轮径差的增大,踏面磨耗深度和磨耗速率显著加快;不同类型的轮径差均会导致车轮踏面发生偏磨,其中等值同向轮径差最明显,单个轮对轮径差次之,等值反向轮径差最小;轮径差会导致轮对发生偏移且显著增大轮对横移量,从而使滚动接触疲劳区域扩大,这不仅会降低车轮使用寿命,还将严重影响车辆高速运行安全,应及时监测并镟修。The long-term effect of wheel diameter difference defect on wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue is very significant.The vehicle dynamics model was established based on the multi-body dynamics theory,and the global contact parameters were calculated.A local wheel-rail contact model was established with FASTSIM algorithm,and the wheel-rail contact stress distribution and sliding distance in the contact spot were calculated.It was input into the wheel tread wear prediction model to calculate the wear distribution in the contact spot.The wear distribution in the contact spot was superimposed on the wheel tread.The wheel tread wear distribution,wear depth and wear rate under the influence of four typical wheel diameter differences were calculated.The rolling contact fatigue analysis was carried out based on the wear results.The results are drawn as follows.The tread wear depth and wear rate increase significantly with the increase of wheel diameter difference.Different types of wheel diameter difference will lead to partial wear of wheel tread.The equivalent same direction wheel diameter difference is the most obvious.The single wheelset diameter difference is the second.The equivalent reverse wheel diameter difference is the smallest.The wheel diameter difference will lead to the wheelset offset and significantly increase the wheelset lateral displacement.The expanding the rolling contact fatigue area willnot only reduce the service life of the wheel,but also seriously affect the safety of the vehicle running at high speed.So,it should be monitored and repaired in time.

关 键 词：轮径差 踏面磨耗 滚动接触疲劳 高速车辆 车轮偏磨 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]