日语复合动词的致使交替条件及交替机制探究  

On the mechanism of causative alternations in Japanese compound verbs

作　　者：张楠[1] ZHANG Nan(School of Foreign Languages,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学外国语学院,天津市300387

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2021年第3期349-361,478,479,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“类型学视域下的日汉结果复合动词句法语义对比研究”(20YJC740093)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：日语中成对的自他动词之间可以灵活地发生致使交替,但当它们构成复合动词时,致使交替的可能性会发生变化。本文通过分析前项动词的语法性质以及前后项间的语义关系,明确日语复合动词的去致使化条件和具体操作机制。结果表明,当复合动词发生去致使化时,既要实现前项活动事件的背景化,同时还要在语义上满足前项对后项结果事件的限定修饰关系,以实现前项动词对概念结构和论元结构的参与。而且,去致使化派生而来的复合动词,前项动词表示变化对象的"结果样态",在概念结构中作为BE的下位指定,进一步限定后项动词所示的"结果状态"。这一结论有利于解释"单一路径限制"对日语复合动词的适用性及"结果性后退"假说。This paper analyzes the grammatical nature of the preceding verb in compound verbs, so as to clarify the de-causal conditions and the mechanism of causative alternations in Japanese compound verbs. The results show that when compound verbs are de-causative, it is necessary to realize not only the background of the preceding event, but also its semantic restriction on the subsequent event, so as to ensure that the preceding verb participates in both the conceptual and argument structures. Moreover, the compound verb derived from de-causative actions, whose preceding verb represents the "result like state" of the changed object, is designated as the subordinate of BE in the semantic conceptual structure, and further defines the "result state" shown by the following verb. This conclusion helps to explain the applicability of the "Unique Path Constraint" to Japanese compound verbs and the hypothesis of "Result Regression".

关 键 词：日语 复合动词 去致使化 结果样态 单一路径限制 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]