2011—2019年北京市市售保健食品微生物学检验结果与分析  

Results and analysis of microbiological testing of health food sold in Beijing from 2011 to 2019

作　　者：井良义[1] 刘文杰[1] 王珏 陈卓 杨灿 徐璐 郝运伟 牛振东[1] JING Liangyi;LIU Wenjie;WANG Jue;CHEN Zhuo;YANG Can;XU Lu;HAO Yunwei;NIU Zhendong(Beijing Key laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine,Beijing Institute for Drug Control,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市药品检验所中药成分分析与生物评价北京市重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2021年第2期170-174,共5页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的了解北京市市售保健食品的微生物污染情况,为保健食品安全质量保障提供科学依据。方法对2011—2019年北京市市售的4 325份保健食品按GB 4789规定方法检测菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母、致病菌及其他污染菌,并进行统计与分析。结果 4 325份保健食品总合格率为98.71%(4 269/4 325),年度合格率呈逐年升高趋势,2011年为94.52%(207/219),2019年为99.54%(653/656)。不同剂型保健食品的合格率之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=34.94,P<0.01),其中膏状类保健食品样品合格率最高(100.00%,50/50),其余依次为口服液(99.80%,510/511)、片剂(99.21%,1 135/1 144)、固体冲剂(99.13%,340/343)、胶囊(98.63%,1 803/1 828)、丸剂(97.06%,66/68)、保健茶(95.80%,365/381)。四项微生物指标中以菌落总数不合格率最高(0.83%,36/4 325),其余依次为霉菌和酵母菌(0.46%,20/4 325)、大肠菌群(0.30%,13/4 325)。所有样品均未检出沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,但其中156份样品共分离出185株环境常见菌和条件致病菌。结论北京市市售保健食品微生物学合格率逐年提高,但仍存在一定的微生物污染风险。Objective To investigate the microbial contamination situation of health foods sold in Beijing, and provide a scientific basis for quality assurance of health foods. Methods 4 325 samples of health foods sold in Beijing from 2011 to 2019 were tested for the contamination of aerobic plate count, moulds and yeasts, coliforms and pathogenic bacteria according to the method specified in GB 4789. Results In the 9 years, the total qualification rate was 98.71%(4 269/4 325), and the qualification rate increased from 94.52%(207/219) in 2011 to 99.54%(653/656) in 2019 year by year. There was a statistically significant difference in the different dosage form of health foods(χ^(2)=34.94,P<0.01), the qualification rate of paste sample was the highest(100.00%,50/50),and that of the following dosage forms decreased in order: oral liquid(99.80%,510/511), tablets(99.21%,1 135/1 144), solid granules(99.13%,340/343), capsules(98.63%,1 803/1 828), pills(97.06%,66/68), and health tea(95.80%,365/381). The result of four microbial indicators of 4 325 health foods showed that aerobic plate count was the highest, followed by moulds and yeasts, and coliforms, which were 0.83%(36/4 325), 0.46%(20/4 325) and 0.30%(13/4 325) respectively. There was no Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus detected in all samples. However, among the 156 samples, 185 strains were isolated which contained a variety of common environmental bacteria and conditional pathogens. Conclusion The microbiological qualification rate of health food sold in Beijing increased year by year from 2011 to 2019, but there was still a certain risk of microbial contamination.

关 键 词：保健食品 微生物检测 污染 合格率 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]