美国赠地学院的发展经验及启示  

The Development Experience and Enlightenment of the American Land-Grant College

作　　者：黄春梅[1] 赵淑洁 HUANG Chunmei;ZHAO Shujie(Shaanxi Normal University,Shaanxi Xi'an 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《当代职业教育》2021年第4期106-112,共7页Contemporary Vocational Education

基　　金：陕西省2020年度教师教育研究项目“西部地区U-S合作教师教育的困境与策略研究”(编号:JSJY2020004);西安市2020年度社会科学规划基金项目“西安高校研究生创新创业教育质量保障机制优化研究”(编号:JY106)。

摘　　要：美国赠地学院是1862年美国联邦教育法案《莫雷尔法案》成功付诸实施的成果,对美国高等职业教育的发展起到了至关重要的推动作用。但美国赠地学院的建立并非一帆风顺,尤其是在建立初期面临着诸多困难,学院支持者们坚定办学立场,积极回应外界抵制;通过立法保障拨款,解决办学经费短缺困难;运用灵活策略,应对生源短缺困难;采取多种措施,缓解师资力量薄弱问题;加大建设力度,丰富课程与教学内容等措施,使得美国赠地学院最终建立并茁壮发展。借鉴其发展经验,我国可以通过加强立法保障,多方筹措经费;加强政策引导,坚定办学信念;保证稳定生源,提高生源质量;强化师资队伍,提升教学质量;开发优质课程,编写高质量教材等措施不断推动中国特色高等职业教育的发展。The American Land-Grant Colleges are the results of the implementation of the Morrill Act in 1862,which plays a vital role in promoting the development of higher vocational education in the United States.However,the establishment of Land-Grant Colleges in the United States faced many difficulties in the early days,and its supporter guaranteed its development in a variety of ways.This is reflected in a firm position of running a school and a positive response to the social resistance.To solve the shortage of funds for running schools,they used legislation to guarantee the appropriation of funds.They used flexible strategies to cope with the shortage of students and adopt a variety of measures to alleviate the problem of lacking good teachers.Moreover,they continued to strengthen the efforts of enriching courses and teaching content.Drawing on its development experience,we should support the legislative guarantee,raise funds from various sources,strengthen policy guidance,and firmly believe in running schools.In addition,we should ensure the stable source of students and improve the quality of students,strengthening the teaching staff and improving the quality of teaching.Moreover,we should develop high-quality courses and compile high-quality teaching materials.Through these measures,we can build up higher vocational education with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：美国 赠地学院 莫雷尔法案 高等职业教育 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]