科学知识社会学及其对科学课程改革的意蕴  

Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and Its Implications for Science Curriculum Reform

作　　者：潘洪建[1] PAN Hong-jian(School of Educational Science,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225002,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育科学学院,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期120-131,共12页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“迈向科学实践:新世纪小学科学课程改革的国际比较研究”(BHA160086)。

摘　　要：传统的客观主义、实证主义、表象主义的科学知识观忽视了科学知识生产的社会过程,存在明显局限。科学的社会学研究经历了从宏观的科学社会学到微观的科学知识社会学(SSK)的发展历程。科学知识的社会学特征体现在科学知识对象、生成过程、知识结果及其表达的社会建构上。SSK研究对科学课程改革的启示意义在于:课程目标改革需要重新审视科学知识目标、技能目标、情感目标。课程内容改革应再现科学知识情境,彰显科学知识文化。课程实施改革要让学生在科学的社会境脉中学习科学;鼓励多元观察与探索实验;开展HPS教育、STEM教育与CERR教学。课程评价改革需要重视科学认知评价,引导学生理解科学理论情境特征;关注科学文化评价,引导学生理解科学的文化特质。The traditional objectivist,positivist and representational views of scientific knowledge ignore the social process of scientific knowledge production and have obvious limitations.The sociology of science has gone through the development process from the macro sociology of science to the micro sociology of scientific knowledge(SSK).The sociological characteristics of scientific knowledge are embodied in the social construction of scientific knowledge object,generating process,knowledge result and its expression.The enlightenment of the research of SSK to the reform of science curriculum is that the reform of curriculum objective needs to re-examine the goals of scientific knowledge,skill and emotion.The curriculum content reform should reproduce the scientific knowledge situation and highlight the scientific knowledge culture.The reform of curriculum implementation should let students learn science in the context of science,encourage multiple observation and exploration experiments,and carry out HPS education,STEM education and CERR teaching.The reform of curriculum evaluation needs to attach importance to scientific cognitive evaluation and guide students to understand the context characteristics of scientific theories,pay attention to the evaluation of science and culture,and guide students to understand the cultural characteristics of science.

关 键 词：科学知识 知识社会学 科学课程 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]