贺兰山东麓2020-2021年越冬期间‘赤霞珠’葡萄冻害调查  

Investigation of freezing injury of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapevine during 2020-2021 winter in eastern foot of Helan Mountain

作　　者：张光弟[1,2,3] 张昆明 贾毅男 王江龙 许昌 侯晓健 李欣[4] 李玉鼎[2] 俞晓艳 ZHANG Guangdi;ZHANG Kunming;JIA Yi'nan;WANG Jianglong;XU Chang;HOU Xiaojian;LI Xin;LI Yuding;YU Xiaoyan(Food and Winery College of Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Agricultural College of Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Technological Innovation Center of Protected Horticulture(Ningxia University),Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Information and Statistical,Beifang Univesity of Nationality,Yinchuan 750021,China;Yinchuan Bureau for Public Landscaping,Yinchuan 750001,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology Application Technology and Safety Control,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学食品与葡萄酒学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏设施园艺(宁夏大学)技术创新中心,宁夏银川750021 [4]北方民族大学信息与统计学院,宁夏银川750021 [5]银川市园林局,宁夏银川750001 [6]宁夏食品微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2021年第4期63-71,共9页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2021BBFO2019;2018YBZD0753-1);宁夏大学西部一流学科(园艺学)建设项目。

摘　　要：2020年12月下旬至2021年1月上旬,宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄产区遭遇了罕见的低温极端天气,以2021年1—2月核心产区玉泉营的环境及土壤温湿度数据为基础,分析了环境低温与土壤低温累积特点,并在2021年春季霜后调查了4个种植基地的‘赤霞珠’树体相关指标。结果表明,2020年12月底连续极端低温,耦合2021年1月上旬的持续低温,使期间的“致死低温区”累计时数值达到54.5 h,同时环境低温拉低了埋土越冬土壤的温度,使在2021年1月8日的行间地下5、25、50 cm处土壤温度分别达到﹣16.8、﹣11.8、﹣5.6℃,并在﹣5.0℃以下持续4 d,甚至1月10日地下75 cm处﹣4.0℃维持了24 h,构成了不同深度根系冻害的潜在诱因。2021年1月上旬5 cm与25 cm深度土壤的“低温致死区”累计时数分别长达236、240 h,足以造成浅层根系严重冻害。对根系分布观察发现,不同种植区域根系在不同深度的分布及根径方面差异较大,这与其土壤类型、定植沟客土及农艺管理水平有关。不同基地25 cm及以上深度根系活力表现为玉泉营最低。萌芽率排序为美贺>玉泉营>贺东>西域王泉;结果系数排序贺东>美贺>玉泉营>西域王泉,表明了不规范的埋土方式使浅层根系外露是导致树体受冻的主要原因。4个种植区域越冬后‘赤霞珠’树体萌芽率均大于78.76%,低温对规范埋土区域树体的影响属于轻度等级。The eastern foot of Helan Mountain region in Ningxia which suffered a rare low-temperature extreme weather in late December 2020,and based on the environmental and soil temperature and humidity data of Yuquanying,the core producing area,from January to February 2021.and the related indicators included of soil buried mode and status,low temperature accumulation of environmental and soil temperature at different depths,and the root distribution status,root activity,and germination rate and bearing coefficient of‘Cabernet Sauvignon'trees from four grape planting bases were investigated in the spring of 2021.The results showed that the potential freeze damage of‘Cabernet Sauvignon'grapevine in Yuquanying base,mainly occurred in the first ten days of January 2021.In the mentime,the accumulated hours of soil at 5 cm and 25cm underground in the lethal low temperature zone were 236 h and 240 h,respectively,which were large enough to be a potential threat to the planting area for its overwintering in Yuquanying base.The root activity of Yuquanying base was lower than that of other planting base.The value of grapevine germination rates from high to low were Meihe winery>Yuquanying base>Hedong winery>Xiyu Wangquan winery,and bearing coefficients rank were Hedong winery>Minghe winery>Yuquanying base>Xiyu Wangquan winery.Although the germination rate of grapevine from four planting area was≥78.76%,the soil burying method which a lack of standardization was a main reason for the exposure of shallow roots and the freezing injury.During the period of overwinter,the effect of freeze injury on germination rate was a mild grade in the well-buried area.

关 键 词：贺兰山东麓 赤霞珠 埋土质量 越冬冻害调查 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]