普及化阶段中美高等教育结构的对比分析  

A Comparative Study on the Higher Education Structures in China and U.S.in the Process Toward Higher Education Popularization

作　　者：崔亚楠 文雯[1] 刘惠琴[2] CUI Ya’nan;WEN Wen;LIU Huiqin(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学教育研究院党委,北京100084

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2021年第7期55-62,共8页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2021年重点课题“中美高等教育质量比较研究”(2021ZDWT01)的研究成果。

摘　　要：进入普及化阶段后,中国高等教育将经历由"大"到"强"的转变,高等教育系统的内部结构将更为成熟,同时与外部社会结构的联系将更为紧密。通过对比分析中国和美国高等教育系统内部的层次结构和科类结构以及高等教育与外部社会经济、人口要素的关系发现,中美两国在高等教育系统内部结构上各有特点,这反映了两国高等教育发展的不同历程;但中国高等教育与外部经济水平和人口压力的匹配程度与美国相比仍存在一定差距。对此,要继续优化高等教育内部结构,提高高层次人才培养规模,处理好文理学科的比重和关系;要着力增强高等教育与外部社会结构的协调性和适应性,提高高等教育经费投入,加快建设终身学习教育体系。After entering the stage of higher education popularization,the higher education system of China will go through the transition from"large"to"strong",which means the internal structure will be more mature,and its relationship with the external social structure will be closer.This study analyzed and compared the internal layer and discipline structure of higher education systems in China and U.S.,as well as the relationship between higher education and external socioeconomic and demographic factors.The study found that,China and U.S.have their own characteristics towards the internal structure,which reflect the different process of the development of higher education in the two countries.However,the matching degree of China’s higher education with the external economic level and population pressure still has a certain gap compared with the U.S..Thus,the adjustment of higher education structure in the stage of popularization in China should focus more on further increase the scale of graduate education,well handle the proportion of the subjects in humanity and sociology areas and in science and engineering areas,continue to increase funding for higher education and speed up the construction of a modern education system for lifelong learning for all people.

关 键 词：高等教育结构 普及化 美国高等教育 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.2[文化科学—教育学]