“后脱贫时代”职业教育如何行稳致远——“三区三州”职业教育发展现状与未来展望  

How to Make Vocational Education Stable and Sustainable in “Post Poverty Alleviation Era”: Vocational Education Development Status and Prospects in “Three Districts and Three States”

作　　者：张劲英[1,2,3] 陈嵩 Zhang Jinying;Chen Song(Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology,Ningbo 315211;Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences,Shanghai 200032)

机构地区：[1]浙江纺织服装职业技术学院,宁波315211 [2]华东师范大学教育学部 [3]上海市教育科学研究院,上海200032

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2021年第11期1-8,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助项目“高职院校产教融合绩效评价体系研究”(2020M671183);浙江省高等教育“十三五”第二批教学改革研究项目“高职院校产教融合绩效评价指标开发与应用”(jg20190847)的部分成果。

摘　　要：我国后脱贫攻坚时代的减贫事业面临巩固脱贫成果、建立反贫困长效机制,解决相对贫困、多维贫困,反贫困与城乡融合发展、乡村振兴战略的衔接统筹等新形势,职业教育在提升贫困风险个体的经济、人力和社会资本,助力脱贫乡村经济转型和产业兴旺,缩小城乡居民收入差距、促进城乡融合、解决相对贫困等方面均具有相对优势。在脱贫攻坚战略指导下,通过政府加大财政投入和东西协作、对口支援机制,以"三区三州"为代表的贫困地区职业教育办学条件、培养与培训供给能力、教育质量有效改善;通过精准培训提升劳务输出水平与规模,为东部发展提供人力资源支持;职业教育扶贫政策方面也有所创新,开始探索契合本地社会经济需求的专业布局;但同时也面临学校资源容量告急、专业建设粗放、校企合作层次低、职业教育内涵不足、社会认可度低等挑战与问题。因此文章建议"后脱贫时代"继续加大脱贫地区职业教育投入、扩大对口支援范围,壮大职业教育规模、完善其体系,打造出特色品牌,从而提升职业教育助力减贫的能力。The cause of poverty reduction in post poverty alleviation era in China is facing new situations,such as consolidating achievements of poverty alleviation, establishing long-term anti-poverty mechanism, solving relative and multidimensional poverty, integrating anti-poverty with urban and rural development, and the rural revitalization strategy.Vocational education has comparative advantages inpromoting economic,human and social capital of poverty-stricken individuals,helping rural economic transformation and industrial prosperity. It also has relative advantages in narrowing income gap between urban and rural residents,promoting urban-rural integration and solving relative poverty. Under guidance of the poverty alleviation strategy,with the government’s increasing financial investment,as well as East-West cooperation and counterpart support mechanism,the school running conditions,training capacity and education quality of vocational education in poverty stricken areas represented by" Three Districts and Three States"have been effectively improved. Vocational training improved level and scale of labor export and therefore provided human resources for eastern China. Innovations were made in poverty alleviation policy concerning vocational education. Major settings were adjusted to meet local social and economic needs. At the same time,vocational education in poverty-stricken areas still face challenges and problems such as shortage of school capacity,extensive major construction,low level of school-enterprise cooperation,insufficient internal construction in vocational schools and colleges,and low social recognition of vocational education. Therefore,in post poverty alleviation era,for vocational education in povertystricken areas,it is suggested continuing to increase investment,expanding the scope of East-West cooperation and counterpart support,expanding its scale,developing its system,and creating its featured brands to enhance its ability to help reduce poverty.

关 键 词：后脱贫时代 三区三州 职业教育 民族教育 反贫困 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]