内涵式还是外延式:高校科研育人效率的实证分析  

Connotation or Epitaxy:Empirical Analysis on the Efficiency of Education Through Research in Colleges and Universities

作　　者：姚威[1,2] 毛笛 胡顺顺 Yao Wei;Mao Di;Hu Shunshun(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University;Institute of China's Science,Technology and Education Policy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院 [2]浙江大学中国科教战略研究院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2021年第14期89-96,共8页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“制造强国背景下工程创造力的测评、提升机理及系统性开发模式研究”(71974172);教育部人文社会科学工程科技人才培养专项项目“工程人才创造力的系统化开发路径研究”(17JDGC038);教育部科学事业费重大项目“高校科研育人的理论和实践研究”(2017ZL09)。

摘　　要：以一流的科研支撑一流的教学是全面振兴本科教育、实现高等教育内涵式发展的内在诉求。为此,从将科研带入教学、将学生带入科研两个维度出发构建科研育人效率的投入指标,从培养质量、创新能力、科研志趣3个维度出发构建产出指标,借助DEA-Malmquist指数方法对2014—2018年我国68所“双一流”建设高校的科研育人效率展开测量,为高校优化资源配置提供参考。研究发现:总体而言,高校科研育人的全要素生产率呈先减后增趋势,但存在创新薄弱、规模无效的外延式表征,且校际差距较大,其中2015—2016年、2017—2018年呈现收敛特征;分地区而言,西部与东北部高校科研育人效率仍待进一步提高;分类型而言,不同类型高校科研育人效率差距不大,专业类高校仍有进步空间。由此,对高校科研育人内涵式发展提出建议:创新科教资源的利用方式,注重科研育人体制机制创新;加强顶层设计,为科研育人营造良好环境;此外要注意因校制宜,展开错位竞争。Supporting first-class teaching with first-class research is the internal demand for comprehensively revitalizing undergraduate education and realizing the connotative development of higher education.To this end,this paper constructs the input indicators for the efficiency of education through research from two dimensions of bringing research into the classroom and involving undergraduates in research projects,meanwhile,constructs output indicators from three dimensions of training quality,innovation ability,and research interest,and measures the efficiency of education through research in 68"double first-class"construction universities in China from 2014 to 2018 by the DEA-Malmquist index method,in order to provide a reference for the optimization of resource allocation in colleges and universities of China.The study finds that:in general,the total factor productivity of education through research in colleges and universities shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,but there are extensions of weak innovation,ineffective scale,and large gaps between universities,among them,the efficiency from 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 presents the convergence characteristics.In terms of different regions,the efficiency of universities in the western and northeastern regions still needs to be further improved;in terms of types,there is little gap in the efficiency among different types of universities,and there is still room for improvement in professional universities.Therefore,the paper makes suggestions for the connotative development of education through research in universities as follows:innovating the use of research and education resources,paying attention to the innovation of research and education systems and mechanisms;strengthening top-level design to create a well environment for research and education;paying attention to the development according to the characteristics of the university,and launching a dislocation competition.

关 键 词：科研育人 科教融合 效率评价 DEA-MALMQUIST 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学] F224[文化科学—教育学]