语言演变差异与族群/方言名称对族群信息加工的影响——以广东三大汉语方言为例  

Language evolution and ethnic group/dialect name affecting ethnic information processing:Three major Chinese dialects in Guangdong

作　　者：伍丽梅[1] 张积家 孟乐 张小林 黄楠芯 张金桥[1] WU Limei;ZHANG Jijia;MENG Le;ZHANG Xiaolin;HUANG Nanxin;ZHANG Jinqiao(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510610,China;Faculty of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院,广州510610 [2]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541004 [3]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《心理学报》2021年第9期944-959,共16页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家民委民族研究重点项目“少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究”(项目编号:2017-GMA-004);暨南大学大统战专项研究项目“港澳台和海外华侨青年语言教育与国家认同关系研究”(项目编号:12620821)。

摘　　要：语言是族群的重要文化特征之一。基于广东三大方言族群均为中原移民的史实,探讨三大汉语方言的语言演变差异与族群/方言名称对方言讲话者对中原族群信息加工的影响。以方言为客家话、粤语和潮汕话的广东大学生为被试,实验1采用群体参照的R/K范式,考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的记忆;实验2采用启动Stroop范式,考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向。结果表明,语言演变差异与族群/方言名称影响不同方言讲话者对中原族群的信息保持,顽强地保持祖先语言的客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生群体参照效应;语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向,客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生注意偏向。整个研究表明,语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响对同祖语族群的信息加工,完整地保留汉祖语特点、强化方言与汉祖语的关系,能够增强根祖意识,增进对同根族群的认同。研究结果对铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要启示。There are three major dialects in Guangdong:Cantonese,Chaoshan,and Hakka.These dialects mainly formed during the southward migration of the Han people in the Central Plains,but they are different in language source,evolution history,and name.From the perspective of language itself,the Hakka dialect is the smallest variation of Mandarin,Cantonese medium,and Chaoshan the largest.In terms of language-variation completion time,the Hakka dialect occurred most recently,followed by Cantonese,with Chaoshan occurring the earliest.Regarding the dialect names,a morpheme of“Ke”exists in the name Hakka,which always reminds its speakers that their ancestors are from the Central Plains,while Cantonese and Chaoshan are named after each locality.An interesting question has been whether these differences among the three dialects affect the speaker’s information processing of the Central Plains group.Guangdong college students who speak only one dialect of Hakka,Cantonese,and Chaoshan were grouped according to their language background in the present study.One hundred and eighty participants took part in two experiments,90 per experiment.In experiment 1,the group reference R/K paradigm was used to investigate whether speakers of different dialects had a different memory effect on the Central Plains group compared with that on an unrelated group.Experiment 2 adopted the“starting stroop paradigm”;that is,using different group names as the starting stimulus,and personality adjectives with different valences as target stimuli,the participants were asked to judge the color of the target stimuli.Experiment 1 found that the participants had a superior memory of their own group,but only Hakka dialect speakers experienced a group reference effect on the information processing of the Central Plains group,which resulted in a better memory effect on the Central Plains group than that on the unrelated group.The results of experiment 2 showed that the participants had the longest reaction time under the condition that their own ethnic

关 键 词：语言演变 族群名称 方言 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]