城乡基础教育的“数字鸿沟”:表征、成因与消弭之策——基于线上教学的实证调查研究  

The Digital Divide between Urban and Rural Basic Education in China:Characterization,Causes and Countermeasures——An Empirical Study on Online Teaching

作　　者：张辉蓉 毋靖雨 刘燚[1,3] 宋乃庆 Huirong Zhang;Jingyu Wu;Yi Liu;Naiqing Song(Faculty of Education/Basic Education Research Center/Urban and Rural Education Development Research Center,Southwest Univesity,Chongqing 400715;Chongqing University of Education,Chongqing 400065;Institute of Mathematics and Information Science,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部/基础教育研究中心/统筹城乡教育发展研究中心,重庆400715 [2]重庆第二师范学院,重庆400065 [3]宝鸡文理学院数学与信息科学学院,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《教育与经济》2021年第4期20-28,共9页Education & Economy

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社科项目“重大疫情中的教育应对”(立项号:20SKZX001)的阶段研究成果。

摘　　要：大规模的线上教学真实完整地暴露出我国城乡基础教育“数字鸿沟”的客观存在。深入探讨城乡基础教育“数字鸿沟”的表征,系统分析其产生的深层次原因进而消弭鸿沟,有助于促进城乡基础教育的均衡发展,发展更加公平更有质量的教育。基于现有研究的分析,城乡基础教育的“数字鸿沟”可界定为城乡中小学在数字信息设备接入及师生在信息技术能力、数字使用素养等方面的差异。同时,将其作为调查研究的理论分析框架实施大规模的线上教学实证调查,发现乡村中小学生线上学习的便捷性不如城区学生;乡村中小学教师线上教学技能不如城区教师;乡村中小学师生有效用网情况不如城区师生。究其原因,城乡二元结构、乡村中小学教师信息化教学动机不强与热情不足、城乡中小学师生网络使用差异等共同造成并扩大着城乡基础教育的“数字鸿沟”。为此,应弱化城乡二元结构,进一步加强乡村基础教育数字化建设;加强激励、培训,“内外兼施”提高乡村中小学教师信息化教学能力;引导乡村中小学师生有效使用网络,集中发挥信息化教学资源的优势效应。Large-scale online teaching truly and completely exposes the real existence of“digital divide”in basic education of urban and rural areas in China.It is beneficial to deeply explore the representation of the“digital divide”in urban and rural basic education and systematically analyze the deep-seated causes to bridge the gap,which can promote the balanced development of urban and rural basic education,so as to achieve more equitable education with higher quality.Based on the analysis of existing literature research,the“digital divide”of urban and rural basic education can be defined as the differences between urban and rural schools in digital information equipment access and the ability differences of teachers and students in digital technology operation,information literacy and other aspects.At the same time,it is used as the theoretical analysis framework of investigation and research to implement our large-scale online teaching empirical investigation.It is found that online learning is less convenient for the rural students than for the urban students;the online teaching skills of rural teachers are not as good as those of urban teachers;and the network of teachers and students in rural areas is not as effective as that in urban areas.The reasons are that the“digital divide”is being widened by the dual structure of urban and rural,the motivation of teaching digital application of rural school teachers is poor,and the difference of network use between urban and rural teachers and students.Therefore,in order to bridge the“digital divide”and realize the balanced development of basic education in urban and rural areas,three suggestions are provided.Firstly,the dual structure of urban and rural areas should be weakened and the digital construction of rural basic education should be further strengthened.Second,strengthening incentives and training to improve the online teaching skills of rural school teachers.Third,guiding urban and rural teachers and students to use the network reasonably and e

关 键 词：城乡基础教育 数字鸿沟 线上教学 均衡发展 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]