继续教育义务化的公法学省思  

Reflections on the Obligation of Continuing Education in Public Law

作　　者：任肖容 REN Xiao-rong(Institute of Prosecutorial Theory of the Supreme People's Procuratorate,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院检察理论研究所,北京100144

出　　处：《成人教育》2021年第9期1-9,共9页Adult Education

基　　金：中国人民大学科研基金重大项目持续支持研究计划“创新完善行政执法制度和方法体系研究”,项目批准号为17XNL010。

摘　　要：继续教育是终身学习的组成部分,但接受继续教育已经成为我国部分从业人员的权利和义务。继续义务化表现为法规将其设定为从业人员应当履行的义务,规定履行方式及不履行的后果。从规范审查的角度来看,在宪法层面公民的受教育义务不包括受继续教育的义务,在法律层面继续教育义务化缺乏依据,在部门规章、行政规范性文件层面受继续教育的义务层层加码,违反了法律保留原则。从合理审查的角度来看,知识更新促进经济发展作为继续教育义务化立法目的正当性不足。继续教育义务化的方式虽有助于行政目的达成但适当性较弱,并且非最小侵害手段,损益失衡,违反了比例原则。有关部门应对继续教育义务化的现象进行反思,将继续教育定位为公民的权利而非义务。Continuing education is a part of lifelong learning,but receiving continuing education has become the right and duty of some employees in China.The obligation of continuing education is manifested in the fact that the law sets continuing education as the public law obligation that the practitioners should perform,and stipulates the concrete way of performance and the consequences of non-performance.From the perspective of legality review,citizens obligation to receive education at the constitutional level does not include the obligation to receive continuing education.The obligation to continuing education is rarely regulated by law.However,departmental rules and administrative normative documents have increased the obligations of practitioners.This violates the principle of reservation and lacks legitimacy.From the perspective of reasonable review,the legitimacy of knowledge updating to promote economic development as the legislative purpose of continuing education obligation is insufficient.While the way of continuing education obligation contributes to the achievement of administrative purposes,the suitability is weak.And it is not the smallest means of infringement,and the profit and loss are unbalanced,which violates the principle of proportionality.The relevant departments should reflect on the phenomenon of continuing education obligation,positioning continuing education as the rights of citizens rather than obligations.

关 键 词：继续教育 受教育义务 终身学习 法律保留 比例原则 

分 类 号：G72[文化科学—成人教育学]