黄老道家研究的几个基本问题  

Several Basic Issues in the Study of Huang-Lao Taoism

作　　者：曹峰[1] Cao Feng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100086

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期28-37,共10页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“黄老道家思想史”(16ZDA106)。

摘　　要：黄老道家研究的一些基础性问题需要进一步厘清。“黄老学”与“黄老道家”的概念可以成立,这既是一种现实存在的思想现象,也是一种对于共同思想倾向的概括。《史记》所见“黄老”可以分为“清静无为”“君道至上”“黄老刑名”“黄老道德”“养生成仙”五类,探究这五类的性质,有助于上溯黄老思想的来源,下探黄老思想的去向。养生思想是黄老道家的底色,贯穿于黄老思想发生、发展乃至转变的所有时期,不能将“道法”融合视为判定黄老道家的唯一标准。在黄老道家中,托名“黄帝”的知识思想系统和老子思想系统是互补关系,不能将黄老学说仅仅视为老子思想的转化。正是通过“黄帝”这个媒介,为社会普遍遵循的规则、禁忌系统才得以导入黄老道家,使之具有实操性和权威性。Some basic issues in the study of Huang-Lao Taoism need to be further clarified.The concepts of“Huang-Lao School”and“Huang-Lao Taoism”can be established,for it s not only a realistic ideological phenomenon,but also a generalization of common ideological tendencies.The“Huang-Lao”found in Historical Records can be divided into five types:“Non-interference and Non-action”,“Supremacy of Ruler”,“Huang-Lao s Form-Name”,“Huang-Lao s Tao-De”,and“Raising Immortals”.Exploring these five types of situations will enable us to trace the origin of Huang-Lao thought,and explore the whereabouts of it.The thought of life cultivation is the background of Huang-Lao Taoism,running through the occurrence,development and even transformation of Huang-Lao thought.The integration of“Tao-Law”cannot be regarded as the only criterion to judge Huang-Lao Taoism.In Huang-Lao Taoism,the knowledge and thought system under the name Huang Di and Lao Tzu s thought system are complementary,and the Huang-Lao doctrine cannot be regarded as merely a transformation of Lao Tzu s thought.It is through the medium of Huang Di that the rules and taboo systems generally followed by the society can be introduced into Huang-Lao Taoism,making it practical and authoritative.

关 键 词：黄老道家 老子 黄帝 养生 道法 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]