天麻茎秆废弃物栽培平菇及其营养成分分析  

Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with Stem Waste of Gastrodia elata and Analysis of Its Nutrient Components

作　　者：贾长青 马瑞 苏旺苍[3] 桂干北 郁建生[1] JIA Changqing;MA Rui;SU Wangcang;GUI Ganbei;YU Jiansheng(Tongren Polytechnic College,Tongren 554300;Guizhou Fanjingshan Agricultural High-tech Co.,Ltd.,Tongren 554300;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]铜仁职业技术学院民族中兽药国家工程中心,铜仁554300 [2]贵州梵净山农业高科技股份有限公司,铜仁554300 [3]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《食品工业》2021年第8期338-343,共6页The Food Industry

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金资助(黔科合基础[2018]1422);西部地区创新能力建设项目(发改办高技[2016]2195号)。

摘　　要：为有效提高天麻茎秆的再利用率,首次将贵州德江天麻地上茎秆部分作为食用菌栽培主料栽培平菇,选用4个试验配方和1个对照配方,运用统计学方法进行数据分析,对利用天麻茎秆栽培平菇的可行性及其主要营养成分进行了初步探索。结果表明:1)采用天麻茎秆作为主料栽培的平菇出菇情况稳定,杂菌污染情况少,生物转化率高。在4个试验配方下,每千克干天麻茎秆原料栽培产出1.77~1.79 kg新鲜平菇,产量显著高于对照配方。从单位产量与营养成分指标比较来看,T1配方为优选配方。2)4个试验配方和对照配方之间多种营养成分含量差异极显著。具体来说,试验配方所得平菇总糖及蛋白质质量分数均值分别为48.40%和12.98 g/100 g,低于对照配方;天麻茎秆作为主料栽培的平菇中鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例(34.04%)远高于棉籽壳作为主料栽培的平菇(24.23%)。天麻茎秆作为主料栽培的平菇(试验配方)中的钙、镁、磷的质量分数远高于棉籽壳做主料栽培的平菇中的质量分数,均值分别达到126.21,1269.41和618.67 mg/kg。由此可见采用天麻茎秆作为平菇栽培主料完全可行;所得平菇营养价值丰富,并富含多种人体必需的氨基酸和微量元素。The study aimed to effectively improve the utilization rate of gastrodiaelata stems.The stem of Gastrodia stalk in Tongren Dejiang was used for the first time as raw material for oyster mushroom cultivation.By selecting fourtest recipes and a control formula,the feasibility of cultivating oyster mushroom with the stem of gastrodiaelata and its main nutrient components were preliminary studied.Statistical methods were used for data analysis.The results of research showed that:1)The growth situation of oyster mushroom cultivated with gastrodiaelata stems as main materialis stable.The situation of its mixed bacteria pollution was less.The biological conversion rate was high.Under the preliminary experimental formula,fresh oyster mushrooms were grown with 1.77-1.79 kg/kg of stem material of dried gastrodiaelata.The yield of experimental formula was significantly higher than that of control formula.According to the comparison of yield per unit and nutrient composition index,T1 formula was the optimal formula.2)There were significant differences in the contents of various nutrients between the four experimental formula and the control formula.Specifically,the total sugar and protein content of dried oyster mushroom cultivated with gastrodiaelata stems as main material were 48.40%and 12.98 g/100 g,respectively,lower than the control formula.The proportion of umami amino acid in total amino acid of oyster mushroom cultivated with gastrodiaelata stem as the main material(34.04%)was much higher than proportion of umami amino acid in total amino acid of oyster mushroom cultivated with cotton seed shell as the main material(24.23%).The content of calcium,magnesium and phosphorus in the stem of gastrodiaelata cultivated oyster mushroom(experimental formula)was much higher than the content of calcium,magnesium and phosphorus in the cotton seed shell cultivated oyster mushroom(control formula),reaching 126.21,1269.41 and 618.67 mg/kg,respectively.Therefore,it was feasible to use the stem of gastrodiaelata as the main material o

关 键 词：食用菌 天麻茎秆 栽培 平菇 营养成分 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]