铁道车辆等效锥度管理措施研究  

Research on management measures of equivalent taper of railway vehicle

作　　者：干锋[1] 戴焕云[1] 杨震寰 罗光兵[1] 李涛[1] GAN Feng;DAI Huanyun;YANG Zhenhuan;LUO Guangbing;LI Tao(Traction Power State Key Laboratory,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道机车与动车》2021年第S01期6-11,I0001,共7页Railway Locomotive and Motor Car

摘　　要：等效锥度是评价轮轨关系的重要指标,其数值与铁道车辆的动力学性能有着密切的关联。研究表明,当等效锥度过小时,动车组车体容易出现低频晃动;当等效锥度过大并出现“负斜率”特性时,动车组容易出现转向架失穗报警和车体抖动,但此时3 mm等效锥度数值往往较小,不能很好地反映轮轨接触状态,可采用轮对横移量为1.5 mm处的等效锥度作为评价轮轨关系的重要参考。建议使用轮轨检测设备进行全线路轮轨廓形检测,实现轮轨交叉匹配运算并得到全部车辆和线路的等效锥度热力图,再结合车辆运行状态进行等效锥度健康管理及运用评价,从而实现对铁道车辆晃车、转向架失稳报警、抖车的诊断和预防,并对车轮镟修和钢轨打磨提供合理的指导意见,进一步为实现铁路计划修转向状态修提供可靠支撑。The equivalent taper is an important index to evaluate the wheel-rail interaction,and its value is closely related to the dynamic performance of railway vehicles. Studies show that when the equivalent taper is too small,the body of MU would wobble at low frequency,and when the equivalent taper is too large, the " negative slope " characteristic appears and the MU would appear bogie instability alarming and carbody jolting,but at this moment the 3 mm equivalent taper value is too small to reflect the wheel-rail contact state well,so the equivalent taper at the wheel-set lateral displacement of 1.5 mm can be used as an important reference for evaluating the wheel-rail interaction. It is recommended to detect the wheel-rail contours over the whole line with wheel-rail inspection equipment, implement the wheel-rail cross matching and obtain the equivalent taper thermodynamic diagrams of all vehicles and lines,and then carry out the equivalent taper health management and application evaluation combining with the vehicle running status,thereby realizing the diagnosis and prevention for railway vehicle wobbling, bogie instability alarming and body jolting, providing reasonable guidance for wheel repair and rail grinding,and further offering reliable support for converting the planned repair to the condition-based repair.

关 键 词：铁道车辆 等效锥度 蛇行失稳 晃车 抖车 健康管理 

分 类 号：U279.2[机械工程—车辆工程]