德国融合课程改革及启示  

The Reform of German Integrationkurs and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：李海峰[1,2] 徐辉 LI Haifeng;XU Hui(Basic Department of Southwest University Rongchang Campus/School of Education and Psychology,Free University of Berlin,Chongqing 402460,China;Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China,Southwest University/Faculty of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学荣昌校区,重庆402460 [2]柏林自由大学教育与心理学院 [3]西南大学西南民族教育与心理研究中心/教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2021年第5期58-71,共14页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2019年度教育学重点项目“构建人类命运共同体视域下国际教育援助理论与我国教育援助策略研究”阶段性成果(项目编号:ADA190016)。

摘　　要：融合课程是近年来发达国家实现移民融合的重要手段。德国的"融合课程"不仅是德语语言教育和德国国情教育,更是全球化时代的国家认同教育。为促进多元文化社会发展、满足"强化融合"的时代性需求,德国取消了分立的课程设置,建立起联邦统一的融合课程体系。课程目标方面,正视与尊重多元文化,展现移民文化与社会多样性,培养多元文化能力。课程内容方面,充分贯彻了融合、多元、平等、实用的理念,设置德语语言课程和德国国情课程。课程实施方面,联邦层面以政策法律予以制度保障,保持联邦与地方的合作,在联邦统一政策和地方实际状况间进行弹性化管理;学校层面注重招收多元文化背景教师,实施以学生为中心的课程和教学活动。课程评估方面,通过第三方展开定期评价,并在评价结果上不断优化融合课程。德国融合课程贯彻以人为本的教育理念,承认多元移民身份,坚持国家认同教育作为终极目标,坚持多元文化教育与实践技能的结合,体现了全球化时代对"多元一体"概念的全新诠释与实践。德国融合课程有效地维护国家统一,促进移民融合,保障德国民族性。德国融合课程改革对于指导我国当下面临的现实问题具有借鉴意义,如少数民族融合、港澳台的国家认同、公民教育,以及一带一路沿线国家地区留学生融入中国社会等问题。In recent years,Integrationkurs has become an important means and implementation method for the integration of immigrants in developed countries.The"Integrationkurs"in Germany are not only about German language or orientation education,but also civil education to build national identity in the era of globalization.In order to promote the development of a multicultural society and to meet the needs of"promoting integration",Germany abolished the separate curriculum and established a federal unified Integrationkurs system.The objectives of Integrationkurs are to understand and to respect multiculturalism,to demonstrate the diversity of immigrant cultures and the society,and to develop multicultural capabilities.In terms of course content,it has fully implemented the concepts of integration,diversity,equality,and practicality by arranging German language courses and German orientation courses.In curriculum implementation,the federal administration uses policies and laws as the system’s guarantee,maintains the cooperation between the federal and local governments,and keeps flexible management between the federal unified policy and local actual conditions;to the level of schools,they focus on recruiting teachers with multicultural backgrounds and implements student-centered courses and teaching activities.In terms of course evaluation,regular evaluations are carried out through a third party,and the integrated courses are continuously optimized with the help of evaluation results.The German Integrationkurs holds the humanbased education concept,recognizes the multi-culture identification of immigrants,takes national identity education as the ultimate goal,combines the multicultural education with practical skills learning,and thus reflects the new interpretation and practice of the concept of"multiple cultures integrated in one stream"in the era of globalization.The Integrationkurs course effectively maintains national unity,promotes the integration of immigrants,and protects German nationality.The Integrationkurs r

关 键 词：德国 移民教育 融合课程 多元一体 国家认同 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]