从“静” 中用功转向“动”中用功——王阳明工夫之转向  

The Shifting of“Effort”from“Stillness”to“Action——The turning of Wang Yangming’s“Effort”

作　　者：李寄[1] 马寄 LI Ji;MA Ji(Department of Foreign Languages,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;School of Marxism,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 363000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学大学外语部,江苏南京210093 [2]闽南师范大学马克思主义学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期11-15,共5页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金西部项目“明代气化心学研究”(项目编号:19XZX005)。

摘　　要：王阳明工夫论经历了从“静”中用功到“动”中用功的演变。龙场悟道,阳明由“静”中用功优入圣域。龙场悟道后,阳明又两度以“静”相教。然而,由于“静坐”易滑向佛老,他对“静坐”开始持警惕的态度。基于此,阳明主张“事上磨”。“事上磨”意味着阳明工夫开始从“静”转向“动”。南赣剿匪期间,阳明的“动”中用功有了进一步的发展。“动”中用功的演变的完成在宸濠、忠、泰之变之时。本然“心体”再次显露,呈现为知是知非的“良知”。“致良知”工夫体系的构建意味着阳明实现了对既往儒门“静”中用功的彻底翻转,首次将工夫着力点完全置于“动”。Wang Yangming’s“Effort Theory”has undergone an evolution from“stillness”to“action”.In the process of Longchang Epiphany,Wang Yangming entered a sacred realm with the effort of“stillness”.After that,he used“stillness”twice more for his instruction of disciples.However,realizing the likelihood of the practice of“meditation”(sitting in stillness)leading to Buddhism,he began to take a serious attitude to it,and advocated“polishing with actions”,which means that his“Effort”began to turn from“stillness”to“action”.He further promoted his“effort in action”during the time of his suppressing of riots in Southern Jiangxi.During the time of his quell of the riot and being reported to the emperor of an accusation against him afterwards,his“effort”in“action”theory was final established,with which the original“mind body”was revealed again,becoming the“conscience”that knows what is right and what is wrong.The establishment of the“effort”system of“the recuperation of conscience”means that Wang Yangming successfully reversed the previous Confucian practice of effort in“stillness”,and for the first time,focused effort entirely on“action”.

关 键 词：“静”中用功 “动”中用功 “事上磨” 致良知 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]