我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的生成机制分析:教育的传导作用究竟几何?  

An Analysis of the Generation Mechanism of Opportunity Inequality of Income Distribution of Urban Residents in China:How Important is the Transmission Function of Education?

作　　者：陈晓东 黄晓凤 Xiaodong Chen;Xiaofeng Huang(School of Economics,Guangdong University of Finance and Economics,Guangzhou 510320)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学经济学院,广州510320

出　　处：《教育与经济》2021年第5期39-48,88,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“收入分配与创新驱动协调发展机制研究”(GD19YLJ02);广东省自然科学基金面上项目“结构分解视角下的收入不平等和创新驱动效应:机会不平等和努力不平等的异质性分析”(2020A1515011259);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“基于集体声誉视角的国家质量分工地位形成机制、实证检验及政策启示研究”(18YJC790023).

摘　　要：收入分配机会不平等问题备受学界关注,本文从教育中介视角分析我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的生成机制。基于Roemer的机会平等理论分析框架及分位数回归方法,使用2013年中国家庭收入调查数据,研究结果表明:(1)我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的相对比重约为17.57%,该比重存在较为明显的年龄和性别异质性,且机会不平等在收入分布中具有“左尾”偏向性;(2)收入分配机会不平等通过教育传导的比例约为12.24%,在女性群体中这一比例更高,接近所有传导渠道总和的1/4,通过教育渠道对城镇居民收入分配差距的影响也存在明显的“左尾”偏向性;(3)在教育传导渠道中,教育数量和教育质量所占比重分别为71.60%和28.40%,且在较低收入群体中,教育质量因素所占比重相对更高。本文的政策含义如下:促进社会公平正义需以降低收入分配的机会不平等为目标导向,重要举措之一便是在提高教育回报率的同时降低居民教育获得的机会不平等程度。The opportunity inequality of income distribution has attracted the attention of academic circles.This paper analyzes the generation mechanism of opportunity inequality of income distribution of urban residents in China from the perspective of education intermediary.Based on Roemer's theoretical framework of opportunity inequality and Quantile Regression method,combined with the data of China's household income survey in 2013,the results show that:(1)The relative proportion of opportunity inequality in income distribution of urban residents in China is about 17.57%,which has obvious age and gender heterogeneity,and the opportunity inequality has a“left tail”bias in income distribution.(2)The proportion of opportunity inequality transmitted through education is about 12.24%,which is higher among female groups,close to 1/4 of the total of all transmission channels.The influence of environmental factors on the income distribution gap of urban residents through education channels also has obvious“left tail”bias.(3)In the transmission channel of education,the proportion of education quantity and education quality factors is 71.60%and 28.40%respectively,and in the lower income group,the proportion of education quality factors is relatively higher.This paper has a clear policy meaning:to promote social equity and justice,we need to reduce the opportunity inequality in income distribution.One of the important measures is to improve the rate of return on education and reduce the opportunity inequality of access to education.

关 键 词：机会不平等 传导渠道 教育数量 教育质量 分位数回归 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]