父母教养方式影响学前儿童社会适应的追踪研究:自我控制的中介作用  

A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Parenting Styles on Social Adjustment of Preschool Children:Mediating Effects of Self⁃control

作　　者：张光珍[1] 梁淼 梁宗保[1] ZHANG Guangzhen;LIANG Miao;LIANG Zongbao(Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Minsitry of Education,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096;School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室,南京210096 [2]东南大学人文学院,南京210096

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2021年第6期800-807,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“社交退缩行为的发展规律、影响因素、适应结果及干预”(BBA180081)。

摘　　要：采用追踪设计对439名儿童的父母进行问卷调查,旨在考察父母教养方式对学前儿童社会适应的影响及可能的中介机制。在第一年时,父母分别报告了自己的教养方式和儿童的社会适应;在第二年时,父母分别报告了儿童的自我控制和社会适应。研究结果表明:(1)父母权威型教养方式得分越高,孩子的社会适应越好,而父母专制型和放任型教养方式得分越高,孩子的社会适应越差;(2)自我控制能力高的孩子的亲社会行为更多,问题行为更少;(3)自我控制在母亲专制型教养方式与儿童违纪攻击和敏感合作间起完全中介作用,自我控制在父亲放任型教养方式与儿童违纪攻击和害羞焦虑间起完全中介作用。A follow⁃up survey was conducted among 439 preschoolers’parents to investigate the impact of parenting styles on children’s social adjustment and explore the potential mediation mechanism.Both fathers and mothers were asked to report their own parenting style and their children’s social adjustment during the first year,and their children’s self⁃control and social adjustment during the second year,respectively.The results showed that:(1)Authoritative parenting was positively associated with children’s social adjustment,while authoritarian and permis⁃sive parenting were negatively associated with children’s social adjustment;(2)Children with higher self⁃control had more prosocial behavior and fewer problem behavior;(3)Self⁃control fully mediated the effect of maternal au⁃thoritarian parenting on preschool child’s delinquency and aggression,and the effect of paternal permissive paren⁃ting on preschool child’s delinquency and aggression,and shyness and anxiety.

关 键 词：教养方式 自我控制 社会适应 学前儿童 中介作用 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]