作为事件的《中国新文学的源流》——关于言志、公安派、小品文的论争  

The Origin and Development of Chinese New Literature as an event:Controversy on expressing aspiration, Gong’an School and essay

作　　者：王波[1] WANG Bo(School of Military Culture,National Defense University,Beijing 100081,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]国防大学军事文化学院《军事文化研究》编辑部,北京100081

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期125-136,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“马克思主义文艺理论中国化资料编年与专题研究”(21CZW001)。

摘　　要：周作人在《中国新文学的源流》中把文学分为载道、言志派,并以二派的起伏描述中国文学史的变迁。钱钟书、朱光潜等批评者认为,周作人的言志、载道,区分在于文学内容之思想与情感;实则,周作人依据即兴与赋得的为己与为人之不同。针对周氏新文学运动是明末公安、竟陵派复兴之观念,阿英、陈子展、许杰等批评者或者把新文学看作载道文学以截断其与明末言志派文学之联系,或者从社会经济方面说明新文学发生之因。周作人与批评者的根本分歧在于,小品文是言志,抑或载道。周作人舍弃"人的文学"中的人类主义和人道主义,独尊个人主义,把革命文学看作载道/遵命文学,从而从"叛徒"走向"隐士";而鲁迅、阿英等左翼文人提倡小品文的战斗性,意识到干预时代和社会之可能性,从而徘徊于"十字街头"。In The Origin and Development of Chinese New Literature, Zhou Zuoren divides literature into the schools of carrying doctrine and expressing aspirations, and describes the changes of the history of Chinese literature by the ups and downs of the two schools. Qian Zhongshu, Zhu Guangqian and other critics believe that Zhou Zuoren’s division is based on the thought and emotion of literary. In fact, the standard of Zhou Zuoren’s division is the difference between being for himself and being for others. In view of Zhou Zuoren’s ideas that the new literature movement is the revival of Gong’an School and Jingling School in the late Ming Dynasty, some critics such as A Ying, Chen Zizhan and Xu Jie either regard the new literature as the literature carrying doctrine to cut off the connection with the literature of expressing aspirations school in the late Ming Dynasty, or explain the cause of the new literature from the social and economic aspects. The fundamental difference between Zhou Zuoren and his critics lies in whether the essays express aspirations or carry doctrine. Zhou Zuoren abandoned the humanism and humanitarianism in “human literature” and respected individualism. He regarded revolutionary literature as the literature of carrying doctrine and obeying orders, so he turned from “traitor” to “hermit”. Lu Xun, A Ying and other left-wing scholars advocated the militancy of essays, realized the possibility of intervening in the times and society, and thus wandered in the “crossroads”.

关 键 词：周作人 《中国新文学的源流》 载道与言志 公安派 小品文 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]