道德的基础何以可能——兼论麦金泰尔德性伦理思想  

How is the Basis of Morality Possible——Also on MacIntyre’s Moral Ethics

作　　者：杜宇鹏 李含阳 DU Yu-peng;LI Han-yang(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;College of Marxism,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工程大学马克思主义学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《黑龙江社会科学》2021年第6期21-29,128,共10页Social Sciences in Heilongjiang

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“当代西方文化认同理论新进展研究”(18ASH008);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“玛莎·努斯鲍姆‘好生活’思想研究”(19ZXE252)。

摘　　要：在20世纪下半叶的西方哲学中,道德问题成为哲学家们争论的焦点,这与麦金泰尔对亚里士多德以来德性伦理的关注不无关系。麦金泰尔在批判现代情感主义伦理学的同时重新对道德的基础进行审视,认为道德的基础不能从代表现代道德话语的休谟、康德和克尔凯郭尔那里寻找,也不能从代表后现代道德话语的尼采那里寻找,而只能返回前现代,返回到亚里士多德那里,以历史主义的视角和方法重新建立目的论的德性伦理学。这样德性与传统、德性与实践的关系又被重新纳入当代西方伦理学的研究视域中。麦金泰尔的德性伦理学重拾了人们对普遍道德的信心,同时对现代哲学由理论哲学向实践哲学理解范式的转换具有重要的现实意义。In western philosophy in the late 20th century,moral issues have become the focus of debate among philosophers,which has something to do with MacIntyre’s attention to virtue ethics since Aristotle.While criticizing modern emotionalist ethics,MacIntyre re-examines the basis of morality and holds that the basis of morality can not be found from Hume,Kant and Kierkegaard,who represent modern moral discourse,nor from Nietzsche,who represents post-modern moral discourse,but can only return to pre-modern and Aristotle,re-establishing teleological virtue ethics from the perspective and method of historicism.In this way,the relationship between virtue and tradition,virtue and practice has been reintegrated into the research perspective of contemporary western ethics.MacIntyre’s virtue ethics regains people’s confidence in universal morality,and has important practical significance for the transformation of modern philosophy from theoretical philosophy to practical philosophy.

关 键 词：麦金泰尔 德性伦理思想 启蒙 德性 善 正义 实践 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]