创业型领导如何重塑员工工作  

How Entrepreneurial Leaders Motivate their Employees to Craft Job

作　　者：赵思嘉 沈雅茜 易凌峰 ZHAO Si-jia;SHEN Ya-xi;YI Ling-feng(East China Normal University,Shanghai,200241;Hunan University,Changsha,410082)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学经济与管理学部工商管理学院,上海200241 [2]湖南大学工商管理学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《中国劳动》2021年第6期64-83,共20页China Labor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目:71972074)。

摘　　要：在创业创新的时代背景下,如何激发员工的自主创新能力,培养积极的工作方式已成为新形势下企业人力资源管理的重点与优化方向。现有研究认为,员工通过积极思考如何重塑自身工作内容和边界的方式,有利于其发挥能动性进而激发创新,因此,影响员工工作重塑的机制成为研究热点。本文通过对56家长三角高科技新创企业进行问卷调查,探讨新创企业领导对员工的工作重塑行为的影响机制。实证研究结果显示:在高科技新创企业中,创业型领导可以正向影响员工的工作重塑行为;心理授权感和工作嵌入感作为中介因素,是上述关系的重要传导路径。同时,领导-成员交换关系对心理授权和工作重塑、工作嵌入和工作重塑的关系均有正向调节作用。本研究基于工作重塑和角色理论,丰富了影响员工在工作重塑过程中前置因素、中介路径和边界条件的研究,同时为我国高科技新创企业的人力资源管理实践及创新型人才培养提供了建议。Under the background of entrepreneurial innovation,how to stimulate the ability of employees'independent innovation and cultivate their active working style has become the focus and trend of optimization in human resources management in the new situation.Existing research finds that the way employees proactively think about how to reshape their work content and boundaries is conducive to exert their initiative and stimulate innovation.Through analyzing a questionnaire survey conducted in 56 high-tech start-up businesses in the Yangtze River Delta,China,this paper explores the effect and mechanism of the leaders in high technology companies on their employees’job crafting behaviors.Empirical results show that in high-tech start-ups,entrepreneurial leaders can significantly positively influence employees’job crafting behaviors;psychological empowerment and job embedding are significantly mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial leaders and employees’job crafting.At the same time,the leader-member exchange relationship has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between psychological empowerment and job crafting,job embedding and job crafting respectively.Based on theories in this area,this paper enriches the research on antecedents,intermediary paths and boundary conditions that affect job crafting behaviors,and provides recommendations in terms of practices on human resources management and cultivation of innovative talents in high-tech start-ups in China.

关 键 词：创业型领导 角色理论 工作重塑 心理授权 工作嵌入 领导-成员交换关系 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]