康德道德教育思想探析  

On Kant's thoughts of moral education

作　　者：葛宇宁[1] GE Yuning(School of Marxism,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学马克思主义学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期31-36,共6页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

基　　金：河南省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度一般项目(2021YB0083)。

摘　　要：康德具有丰富的道德教育思想。他认为道德教育的本质是一种自由教育,其目的在于培育具有主体性的自由人,关注的是人的健全人格,主张人为自己立法。但是,在康德看来,在道德教育中又不能缺少强制,要通过强制来消除人的动物性和野性,从而使人产生规则意识,人服从自己为自我制定的法则,就是实现了强制与自由的统一。道德教育是一种自律教育,其核心就是培育人的责任意识,即人运用自己的理性,意识到作为一个人应该去做什么,发现行为应该遵循的法则,并依据法则而行。但是康德对榜样的作用又不是全然拒绝,尤其是在青少年道德教育中,他认为榜样教育具有重要作用,它是实验的对象和例证,青少年可以运用自我的理性,通过道德榜样的行为实践来发掘出一些义务法则。Kant has rich thoughts of moral education.He believes that the essence of moral education is a kind of free education,with the purpose to cultivate free individual with subjectivity,focusing on one's normal and healthy personality and setting standards for oneself.However,in Kant's view,moral education also needs coercion through which eliminates man's animality and wild nature so as to make man have a sense of rules.Man obeys the rules formulated by himself,which is to realize the unity of coercion and freedom.Moral education is a kind of self-discipline education,with the core to cultivate people's sense of responsibility,that is,people use their own rationality to realize what they should do as a person and to discover rules that should be followed and acted.However,Kant does not completely deny the function of example and he believes that model education plays an important role in educating teenagers.The model is the object and example of experiment through which teenagers can use their own rationality to explore some obligation and rules.

关 键 词：康德 道德教育 自由教育 责任意识 榜样教育 

分 类 号：B821[哲学宗教—伦理学]