自治与控制之间的博弈:荷兰学术职业变革的多重向度与潜在风险  

Autonomy vs Control: A Case Study of the Changing Academic Profession in the Netherlands

作　　者：王思懿 Wang Siyi

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学发展研究院,成都611130

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2021年第6期52-59,112,共9页Modern University Education

基　　金：2021年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项“我国‘双一流’高校教师准聘—长聘制改革的制度逻辑与多重效应研究”,项目编号:JBK21YJ39。

摘　　要：近年来,在"绩效竞争""目标管理""产出控制"等新管理主义理念的影响下,荷兰高等教育领域开展了一系列市场导向的改革,大学在人事、财务和内部管理方面均获得更大的自主权。受此影响,荷兰的学术工作实践也开始从注重专业自治与职业安全转向高度强调产出与绩效。随着研究资助体制的竞争性和问责增强,学术治理模式变得更加标准化和更具目标导向。与此同时,一种新的学术职位分类被用于促进学术角色的差异化,以更好地适应多重的、甚至相互冲突的外部要求。这带来学术人员的专业自主权被削弱、学术职业的临时性与不确定性增强、学术竞争激化与职业压力变大等问题。学术职业越来越呈现出"被管理的专业主义"的特征。在自治与控制的博弈中,如何在"受控性管制"与"自主性管制"之间取得平衡,是荷兰学术职业面临的关键挑战。Recently,under the influence of neo-managerialism,the higher education sector in the Netherlands has undergone a profound change. The government is granting higher education institutions more autonomy,but at the same time,it is introducing new controls in the forms of “competitive grants”,“ accountability for performance”or “management by objectives”. As a result,faculty members and academic professionals are facing new challenges: 1) they will have to change their research interests or sacrifice their intellectual freedom so as to win those competitive grants;2) they will need to work hard to produce or publish as much as possible so as to meet the rigid criteria for performance evaluation;3) they will find it rather difficult to balance teaching and research,or maintain upward trajectory due to the ever-rising but often arbitrary standards for promotion. In other words,Dutch academics are facing increasingly fierce competition and greater career uncertainty,but losing their professional autonomy at the same time. It is,therefore,quite necessary to resolve the conflicts between profession and organization,and restore the balance between autonomy and control,in higher education institutions in the Netherlands.

关 键 词：自治 控制 新管理主义 学术职业 学术治理 目标管理 职位分类 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]