三个酿酒葡萄品种及其营养系果实香气物质谱的差异性分析  

Analysis of Differences in Aroma Compound Profiles among Berries of Three Wine Grape Cultivars and Their Clones

作　　者：夏弄玉 陈倬 程昊天 潘秋红[1] XIA Nongyu;CHEN Zhuo;CHENG Haotian;PAN Qiuhong(Center for Viticulture and Enology,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究中心/农业农村部葡萄酒加工重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2022年第1期8-19,共12页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31772278)。

摘　　要：为减少多变量干扰,更好地揭示品种或营养系之间香气物质谱的差异,本文利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定麝香型品种‘小白玫瑰’(826和455),非麝香芳香型品种‘雷司令’(C49和1103P),非芳香型品种‘霞多丽’(76和277)转色前后葡萄果实香气物质的组成与含量,采用主成分分析探究品种间差异,采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析研究营养系之间的差异。结果表明,‘小白玫瑰’的香气物质谱与‘雷司令’和‘霞多丽’有明显差异,萜烯是3个品种间最主要的差异组分。此外,‘小白玫瑰’直链醇含量最高,而直链醛含量最低,表明该品种有较高的醛-醇转化活性;‘雷司令’和‘霞多丽’随着果实的发育,香气物质谱的差异逐渐缩小。在各自营养系之间,‘小白玫瑰’2个营养系和‘霞多丽’2个营养系的主要判别成分均是己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛,其含量在‘小白玫瑰455’和‘霞多丽277’中相对较高;‘雷司令’2个营养系的主要差异组分是苯乙醛、橙花醚、葡萄螺烷、苯甲醛和β-大马士酮,它们在自根苗‘雷司令-C49’中的含量高于嫁接苗‘雷司令1103P’,但在‘雷司令C49’中未检测到香叶基丙酮,使得其降异戊二烯的总量不及嫁接苗中的一半。本研究从多元统计视角明确了3个品种及其营养系之间香气物质代谢谱的异同,为后续的推广应用和葡萄香气代谢遗传调控研究奠定了基础。In order to reduce multivariate interference and better reveal the differences in aroma compounds spectrum between cultivars or clones,this paper used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the composition and content of aroma compounds in grape berries of muscat aromatic variety'Muscat Blanc'(826 and 455 clones),the non-muscat aromatic variety'Riesling'(C49 vines that own-rooted and grafted on 1103P rootstock),and the neutral variety'Chardonnay'(76 and 277 clones)during the development around veraison,used principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to clarify the differences between cultivars and clones,respectively.The results showed that the aroma compounds spectrum of'Muscat Blanc'was significantly different from that of the other two cultivars(Riesling and Chardonnay),terpenoids was the most important differential compounds between three varieties.In addition,'Muscat Blanc'had the highest straight-chain alcohols content and the lowest straight-chain aldehydes content,indicating that it had a higher aldehyde-alcohol conversion activity.The difference in aroma compounds spectrum between'Riesling'and'Chardonnay'gradually decreased after veraison.Among the respective different clones,hexanal and(E)-2-hexenal were the main compounds for distinguishing different clones of'Muscat Blanc'and'Chardonnay',and their content were relatively high in'Muscat Blanc 455'and'Chardonnay 277'.The content of five main differential compounds(benzeneacetaldehyde,nerol oxide,vitispirane,benzaldehyde andβ-damascenone)between different clones of'Riesling'were obviously higher in'Riesling C49',but geranylacetone was not detected in'Riesling C49',making the total norisoprenoids content in own-rooted seedling'Riesling C49'less than half of that in grafted seedling'Riesling 1103P'.This study clarified the similarities and differences of the aroma metabolism profiles of the three cultivars and their clones from the perspective of multivariate statistics,laying the foundation for the su

关 键 词：香气物质 葡萄果实 欧亚种 品种 营养系 多元统计分析 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] O657.63[农业科学—园艺学]