家庭资本与高中阶段教育机会获得的质量--基于江苏省B县初中后教育分流的分析  

The Family Capital and the Quality of the Access to High School Education--An Analysis Based on the Senior Secondary Education Differentiation in County B of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：朱新卓[1] 骆婧雅 Zhu Xinzhuo;Luo Jingya(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第1期152-164,共13页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“新时代我国中产阶层家长的教育焦虑研究”(BHA180137)。

摘　　要：教育机会有质量高低之分,学生的高中阶段教育机会获得也有质量分化,这对于其高等教育机会获得乃至未来的职业获得都具有关键性影响,因而是教育公平研究的主题之一。学生高中阶段教育机会获得受到多重因素影响,本研究探讨学生家庭资本与其高中阶段教育机会获得质量之间的关系。对江苏省B县初中后分流情况的调查分析发现,对一般普高和优质普高(相较于职高)教育机会获得的影响方面,经济资本无显著作用,而社会资本具有显著正向影响,文化资本有正向影响但弱于社会资本;对于优质普高(相较于一般普高)的教育机会获得,只有文化资本具有显著正向影响。在家庭资本的各因素中,主观性因素虽然有助于弱势阶层子女获得一般普高入学机会,但客观性因素会对其获得优质普高入学机会产生制约。因此,政府应推进“指标到校”政策,促进优质普高生源的均衡分配;弱势家庭应积极培养家庭文化资本,学校和社区也要提供多方面的支持以弥补该群体家庭文化资本的不足,从而提升其子女高中阶段教育机会获得的质量。There are differences in the quality of different opportunities for senior high school education,and the quality of the access to high school education has a critical influence on the chance of higher education attainment and occupational attainment.Therefore,it is one of the topics in educational equality research.Students’high school education opportunities are affected by multiple factors.This study explores the relationship between students’family capital and the quality of their high school education opportunities.The investigation and analysis of students’educational tracking after junior high school in County B of Jiangsu Province find that,economic capital has no significant effect on the educational opportunities of common high schools and quality high schools(compared with vocational high schools),while social capital has a positive effect,and cultural capital has a positive impact but weaker than social capital.Only cultural capital has a significant positive impact on the access to quality high schools(compared with common high schools).Among the factors of family capital,the subjective factors can help the children of disadvantaged families to obtain opportunities for common high schools,but the objective factors will restrict their opportunities for quality high schools.Therefore,the government should implement the high school“quota allocation policy”as well as promoting the balanced distribution of student resources between common high schools and quality high schools.In addition,the disadvantaged families should actively cultivate family cultural capital,and the schools and communities should also provide various support to make up for the lack of family cultural capital of these families,thereby improving the quality of their children’s high school education opportunities.

关 键 词：教育获得 家庭资本 高中阶段教育机会 初中后教育分流 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]