庄子“忘”的教育图景阐释  

Explanation of Zhuangzi’s Educational Vision of"Forgetting"

作　　者：谢延龙[1] XIE Yan-long

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学教育学院,银川750021

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2022年第1期105-112,共8页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学西部项目“六盘山连片特困区乡村教师支持政策精准落地研究”(XMA180283)。

摘　　要：庄子之“忘”是以学习为核心的教育范畴,具有深刻的教育意蕴。庄子以“忘”为学,其根本出发点是为了祛除物欲对学习的功利性遮蔽。“忘学”作为一种方法,是一种凝神专注之学。“忘学”作为一种境界,是一种高阶的智慧之学。“忘学”的目的是成就按照自我本性发展的自适之人。“忘学”非认知之学,乃以体知与心悟为学,既有身体体验的外体,又有内心觉悟的内求,内求与外体二者贯通,是实现了活动之身和非理性之悟相互交融的学习方式。“忘学”之“教”为“不言之教”,一方面,“教”彻底脱离“言”,教与学一体,教之学就是“教”,学就是学“教”之学;教与学成为教者对学者“感”、而学者“应”的联动感应过程。另一方面,“教”由“言”出,所“言”并非“教”,所言所至无言之“意”方为“教”。Zhuangzi's"forgetting"is an educational category with learning as the core,and has profound educational implications.Zhuangzi takes"forgetting"as learning,its fundamental starting point is to remove the utilitarian shade of material desire on learning.As a method,forgetting is a kind of learning of concentration,however as a realm,it is a kind of learning of high-level wisdom.The purpose of forgetting to learn is to become a self-adapted person who develops according to his own nature.Forgetting to learn is non-cognitive learning,which is based on physical knowledge and mental comprehension,emphasizing the learning method in which the active body and irrational comprehension are blended together.On one hand,the concept of teaching in“forgetting to learn”is teaching without words,wherein teaching is completely separated from words,teaching and learning are integrated through the understandings that“teaching”is teaching by learning and“learning”is learning by teaching.Thus,teaching and learning become the link induction process of the teacher's"sense"towards scholars and scholar's"replying".On the other hand,teaching comes from speaking,what is said is not teaching,and the"meaning"of what is said and what is silent is teaching.

关 键 词：庄子 忘学 体悟之学 不言之教 智慧之学 

分 类 号：G40-092.26[文化科学—教育学原理]