“诗言志”观念生成及其嬗变  

The Formation and Evolution of the Concept “Poetry Expressing Aspirations”

作　　者：夏德靠[1] XIA Dekao(School of Humanities,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2022年第1期59-70,共12页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“《国语》文献集成与研究”(19ZDA251)阶段性成果。

摘　　要："诗"字的后起并不代表"诗"这种文体的后起。在"诗"字出现之前,已存在"诗"。由"诗"之文体到"诗"字的出现并用以指称"诗"之文体,经历颇长的时间。对"诗"的把握应分为两个层面:一是"诗"字出现之前"诗"文体的存在状况,且称为"诗Ⅰ";二是"诗"字出现之后并用以指称"诗"之文体的状况,为"诗Ⅱ"。"诗言志"说的提出虽然当以"诗"字出现为前提,但"诗言志"之观念显然早于"诗"字出现。"诗Ⅰ"阶段的"诗"大都伴随祭祀仪式,是一定祭仪的产物,其中的"志"主要呈现公共的、群体性的特质。当然,早期的"诗"确实存在个体性、私人化情感,不过这种个体性因素在一定程度上也表现为群体的性质。随着"诗"字的出现,不仅促使"诗Ⅱ"阶段的到来,也使"诗言志"的内涵发生新的变化。"诗"字的出现是与《诗经》联系在一起的,"诗Ⅱ"阶段的"诗言志"主要体现为献诗陈志、赋诗言志、教诗明志、作诗言志,它们与《诗经》紧密相关。当然,"诗言志"还存在其他一些说法。整体言之,"诗言志"的内涵是不断发展、演变的,不同时期的"诗"有着不同的"志"。The appearance of the Chinese character“Shi” does not represent the emergence of the literary genre of “poetry”.Before the character“Shi” appeared, “poetry” has come into fashion. It is quite a long time from the emergence of the “poetry” genre to the appearance of the character“Shi” and its reference to the genre of “poetry”. The understanding of “Shi”should be divided into two phases: one is the existence of“poetry”genre before the emergence of the character“Shi”, which is called“poetry I”;The second is “poetry II”after the emergence of the character“Shi” and its reference to the genre of“poetry”. Although the proposition of“poetry expressing aspirations”should be based on the emergence of the character“Shi”, its concept obviously appeared earlier than the character“Shi”. Most of the“poems”in“poetry I”stage are accompanied by sacrificial rites, which are the product of certain rituals. The "aspirations" mainly carry the characteristics of the public and community. Of course, the early“poetry”does convey individual and private emotions, but this individual element also reflects the nature of groups and communities to a certain extent. The emergence of the character “Shi”not only facilitates the arrival of“poetry II” phase, but also changes the connotation of the concept“poetry expressing aspirations”. The emergence of the character “Shi”is associated with The book of Songs. The concept“poetry expressing aspirations”in “poetry II” phases hows itself in dedicating a poem to express aspirations, composing a poem to reveal aspirations, teaching a poem to illuminateaspirations and writing a poem to voice aspirations, which are closely related to The Book of Songs. Of course, there are other statements concerning “poetry expresses aspirations”. On the whole, the connotation of“poetry expressing aspirations”is constantly developing and evolving, and “poetry”in different periods expresses different “aspi

关 键 词：《尧典》 诗言志 献诗陈志 赋诗言志 教诗明志 作诗言志 

分 类 号：I052[文学—文学理论]