德语国家普通教学论的核心命题与时代课题  

The Crucial and Contemporary Topics of General Didactics in German-Speaking Countries

作　　者： 任平  Hilbert Meyer;Ren Ping;Carola Junghans(Faculty of Education,University of Oldenburg,Oldenburg 26129;Faculty of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]德国奥尔登堡大学教育科学学院,奥尔登堡26129 [2]广州大学教育学院,广州510006

出　　处：《教育研究》2022年第1期100-114,共15页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学一般课题“德国中小学劳动教育课程体系研究”(课题批准号:BDA210077)的研究成果。

摘　　要：德语国家(德国、奥地利以及瑞士)普通教学论历史悠久,对整个教育学科的建立与发展意义重大。普通教学论作为系统性、普遍性的教学理论,强调自身理论的主体性、师生对话的意义建构、教师清晰的指导与管理、教学的反思性实践。新的时代背景下,德语国家普通教学论的发展既坚守传统,又积极转向,系统分析其优劣特质可以发现:相关理论一方面具有整体性、独特性、指导性、反思性、规范性等特征;另一方面也面临着诸如学科地位下滑、缺乏实证研究支撑、自身理论发展缓慢、缺乏课程研究支持等问题。为应对信息技术时代学校教育的异质性、融合教育、移民教育、健康教育、数字化教育等新兴教学情境,相关研究呈现出新的发展趋势,转向"技术支持下团队合作"、"多主体协同建构"、"制定数字化教学新标准"。German-speaking countries(Germany,Austria and Switzerland)have a long history of general didactics,which has a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole educational discipline. As a systematic and generalized instructional theory,general didactics emphasizes the autonomy of itself,the sense-making construction between teachers and students,the clear guidance and management of teachers,and the reflective practice of teaching. In the new era,general didactics in German-speaking countries sticks to traditions but changes directions positively in its development. A systematic analysis of its advantages and disadvantages reveals that relevant theories are characterized by integrity,uniqueness,guidance,reflectivity,and normativity,but they are facing problems,such as the decline of the status of the discipline,the lack of support from empirical research,the slow progress in its own theories,and the lack of support from curriculum research.To deal with the new instructional situations in the age of information technology,such as schooling heterogeneity,inclusive education,immigration education,health education,and digital education,relevant research tends to return to "teamwork with technical support," "multi-subject collaborative construction," and the "formulation of new standards for digital teaching."

关 键 词：德语国家 普通教学论 学科教学论 教养 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]