农村中小学生方言认同的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on Rural Primary and Secondary School Students’ Dialect Identity

作　　者：赵翠兰[1] 苏春景[2] ZHAO Cuilan;SU Chunjing(Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071;School of Educational Science,Ludong University,Yantai 264000)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院,青岛266071 [2]鲁东大学教育科学学院,烟台264000

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期106-118,共13页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“依法治国与公共道德教育研究”(15JJD880010)资助课题研究成果。

摘　　要：农村中小学生方言认同是“乡土中国”文化认同的重要方面。以1369名农村中小学生(11~18岁)为样本,以调查问卷为主,访谈法为辅,运用方差分析、多元线性回归分析以及文本分析法,从方言使用、方言态度和方言他者期待等方面探究农村中小学生方言认同问题。研究发现:随着年龄增长,农村中小学生在私人领域的方言使用呈上升趋势,但普通话在公私领域均占绝对优势;随着年龄增长,农村中小学生对方言的态度呈上升趋势,对普通话的态度则呈下降趋势;他者(国家、学校、教师)对农村中小学生的方言期待总体上呈下降趋势;公、私领域的方言使用、方言和普通话态度、方言他者期待之间的相关性显著,方言态度和普通话态度对公、私领域的方言使用影响最大。研究结论:农村中小学生存在方言选择、方言情感和方言他者期待三方面的认同困境。应进一步处理好方言和普通话的关系以及方言认同是静态性还是流变性的问题。The dialect identity of rural primary and secondary school students is an important aspect of their identification with native Chinese culture. Taking 1, 369 rural primary and secondary school students(11-18 years old)as a sample, we used questionnaires as the main instrument and interviews as the auxiliary to collect the data and employed analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, and textual analysis to explore the issue of dialect identity in terms of the use of dialect, attitude towards the dialect, and the expectation of other people on the dialect. The study found that with the increase of age, the use of dialect by rural primary and secondary school students in the private sector is on the rise, but the use of Putonghua in both public and private spheres has an absolute advantage as the age increases. The positivity in their attitude towards the dialect increases, while that in their attitude towards Putonghua decreases with their age increasing. The expectation of the state, the school and the teacher on the dialect decreases with their age increasing. There is a significant correlation between the use of dialect in both public and private spheres, the attitude towards the dialect and Putonghua, and the expectation of others on the dialect. The attitude towards dialects and Putonghua has the greatest influence on rural primary and secondary school students’ the use of language in both public and private spheres. The conclusion is that rural primary and secondary school students have identity dilemmas in the following three aspects: dialect choice, dialect emotion, and dialect expectation. We should further deal with the relationship between dialects and Putonghua and the question of whether dialect identification is static or dynamic.

关 键 词：农村中小学生 方言认同 实证研究 语言多样性 

分 类 号：G635.5[文化科学—教育学] H17[语言文字—汉语]