民族八省区教育经费投入趋势与优化策略——基于1997—2018年的教育经费数据  

Investment Trend and Optimization Strategy of Education Funds in Eight Ethnic Provinces and Regions——Case Study Basing on Educational Funding Data from 1997-2018

作　　者：许丽英[1] 夏苗苗 XU Li-ying;XIA Miao-miao(School of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2021年第6期75-84,共10页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社科基金“十三五”规划2019年教育学一般课题“新中国成立70年民族教育发展的历程、经验与趋势研究”(项目编号:BMA190029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合理的教育经费投入是民族地区教育发展的重要保障。文章基于1997—2018年教育经费数据,从财政性教育经费占地方GDP的比例、三级教育生均教育经费指数、经费来源和分配结构、三级教育的基尼系数和泰尔指数等维度对民族八省区教育经费的充足性、结构性和均衡性进行分析。结果表明,整体上民族八省区教育经费较充足、来源和分配结构合理、均衡性较好,但也存在一些问题,如个别省区的经费充足性有待提高、生均一般公共预算教育经费支出只增不减目标尚未实现、普通高等教育生均投入偏低且经费来源渠道单一、普通高中生均支出均衡性有待提高等。优化民族地区教育经费配置应做好以下工作:健全民族地区教育投入长效机制,实现生均一般公共预算支出只增不减目标;吸纳多元主体共同参与,拓宽非义务教育经费来源渠道;调整教育经费分配结构,教育投入向高等教育倾斜;优先保障基础薄弱地区,缩小地区间教育经费差距。Reasonable investment of educational funds is an important guarantee of educational development in ethnic areas.Based on the data of education funds collected from 1997 to 2018,the adequacy,structure and balance of education funds in the eight ethnic provinces and regions were analyzed from the proportion of financial education funds to local GDP;the average education index of tertiary education fund index,funding source and distribution structure,the Gini coefficient and Theil index of tertiary education.The results show that overall speaking,the eight ethnic provinces and regions have sufficient education funds,reasonable,balanced source and distribution structure,but there are also some remaining problems.Problems however remain,which include,for example,the funding adequacy of individual provinces and autonomous regions needs to be improved,the per person expenditure increase on education has not been achieved,the average investment of ordinary higher education students is low and the source of funding is limited,the expenditure on average high school students needs to be improved and etc..To optimize the allocation of education funds,the following work should be done in ethnic areas:to improve the long-term mechanism for education input in ethnic areas,and achieve the goal of increasing the average student’s public budget;to absorb the participation of multiple subjects,expand the source channels of non-compulsory education funds,adjust the distribution structure of education funds,and prioritize education investment to higher education;to ensure the priority for areas with weak foundation and narrow the gap in education funding among different regions.

关 键 词：民族八省区 教育经费 教育投入 教育资源配置 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学] G526.7