《周易》的生生哲学及其诠释——以《易传》和“易一名而含三义”为中心  

The Shengsheng Philosophy of the Book of Changes and Its Interpretation:With Reference to the Commentaries on the Book of Changes and the Threefold Meaning of Yi

作　　者：丁四新[1] 费春浩 Wang Xiaonong Ding Sixin;Fei Chunhao;Wang Xiaonong(Department of Philosophy at Tsinghua University and guest professor of philosophy at Wuhan University;School of Philosophy at Wuhan University;the School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084 [2]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072 [3]the School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University

出　　处：《孔学堂》2021年第4期66-76,V0077-V0088,共23页Confucian Academy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“马王堆汉墓帛书易传集注”(项目批准号:19FZXB057)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从观念起源看,强调"生"或"生生"是盖天说背景下的宇宙生成论的固有之义。三《易》从一开始起即体现了二元思维方式。《系辞传》"天地之大德曰生"和"生生之谓易"这两个命题是对于天地或阴阳二元的宇宙生成论之客观原则及其价值原则的直接宣示。《易传》的生生哲学大致包括:天上地下、天阳地阴、天尊地卑的二元对待关系,是《周易》生生哲学的发生结构;"生生"观念包括"变易"与"生成"两个法则,同时是其价值和目的所在;"生生"哲学还具有连续、贯通和相感的特性。"易一名而含三义"是对《周易》生生哲学的一种诠释。它将《易传》的"变易"一义推展为三义,即"易也,变易也,不易也"三义。《乾凿度》和郑玄注的解释属于宇宙生成论式的,而孔颖达的解释则属于体用论式的。它们都包含着生生思想。程朱理学以"变易"和"交易"两义取代了汉人的三义说。在宋明儒看来,"生"或"生生"即是宇宙法则("理"),即是"天地之心",即是"仁""仁心"或"恻隐之心",甚至认为"生"或"生生"即是宇宙本体。生生哲学在宋明时期得到了大力提倡。As far as its origin goes,the concept of sheng(production)or shengsheng(production–reproduction)was inherently emphasized in ancient theories of cosmogenesis informed by the Heavenly Canopy theory.From the beginning,the three versions of the Changes reflected a binary mode of thinking.The Commentaries on the Book of Changes highlight the shengsheng philosophy which consists in roughly three points:(1)the binary opposition between Heaven(higher,yang,honorable)and Earth(lower,yin,humble)constitutes the genetic structure in which the shengsheng philosophy was conceived;(2)the concept of shengsheng involves two principles,that is,"change"and"production and completion,"which are also where its value and purpose lie;and(3)the shengsheng philosophy is characterized by continuation,connection,and mutual interaction.The shengsheng philosophy can be interpreted through the threefold meaning of yi in the Commentaries on the Book of Changes,that is,simplicity,change,and changelessness.As regards this proposition,"Qian Opens the Channel"and Zheng Xuan offered cosmogenetic interpretations,while Kong Yingda proposed one based on the substance–function theory.According to Neo-Confucians,sheng or shengsheng is the very law(principle)of the cosmos,that is,"the mind of Heaven and Earth,"and even the substance of the cosmos itself.

关 键 词：生生 《周易》 《易传》 孔颖达 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]