中国小学教师培养模式:探析与展望  

China's Elementary School Teacher Training Model:Exploration and Prospect

作　　者：刘慧[1,2] Liu Hui(College of Elementary Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学初等教育学院 [2]首都师范大学儿童与未来教育创新研究院

出　　处：《中国教育科学（中英文）》2022年第1期89-98,共10页Education Sciences in China

摘　　要：中国小学教师培养曾经历长达百年的中师模式,于20世纪80年代开启专科模式,于1999年步入本科模式,到2014年开始实施卓越小学教师培养计划的探索。本科层次的小学教师培养历程中的主要研究议题包括人才培养模式、专业建设、小学教师和初等教育学科建设;具有技能取向、知识取向、能力取向、实践取向、研究取向及人本取向等多种倾向。小学教师培养的深层问题关涉师范性和学术性之辨、专业性和学科性之定位、全科性和分科性的理解、教育性和教学性的处理、儿童性和知识性的站位、现实性和理想性的矛盾等。对这些专业建设问题的科学回答有赖于学科建设。展望未来中国小学教师培养,必须迎接新时代的挑战,加强初等教育学、儿童学、小学教师教育学科建设,着力培养模式探索。China’s elementary school teacher training had experienced a century-long model of middle school education, opened the model of specialized middle school education in the 1980 s, developed the model into undergraduate education in 1999, and implemented the program of training excellent elementary school teachers in 2014. There are four major research topics in the history of elementary teacher training at the undergraduate level, including talent training model, professional development, elementary teacher and elementary education discipline construction. There are various training tendencies such as skill orientation, knowledge orientation, competence orientation, practice orientation, research orientation and humanistic orientation. The deeper issues of elementary school teacher training involve the distinction between education and academics, the positioning of professionalism and discipline character, the understanding of general subjects and single subject, the handling of education and teaching, the position of children and knowledge, and the contradiction between reality and ideal. Scientific answers to these professional development questions depend on disciplinary development. Looking ahead to the future of elementary teacher training in China, we must meet the challenges of the new era, strengthen the construction of the disciplines of elementary education, pedology, and elementary teacher education, and focus on the exploration of training models.

关 键 词：小学教师培养模式 模式取向 学科建设 儿童取向 

分 类 号：G659.21[文化科学—教育学]