2016—2020年吉林省食源性疾病流行病学特征分析  

Analysis on the surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Jilin Province,2016—2020

作　　者：翟前前[1] 张新刚[1] 刘思洁[1] ZHAI Qian-qian;ZHANG Xin-gang;LIU Si-jie(Jilin Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jilin,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省疾病预防控制中心(吉林省公共卫生研究院),吉林长春130062

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第6期1133-1136,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：吉林省科技厅发展计划项目重点科技研发项目(20180201053SF);吉林省卫生与健康科技创新项目(2020Z015)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2020年吉林省食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为防控食源性疾病提出有针对性的措施和建议。方法对2016—2020年“食源性疾病监测报告系统”中吉林省的病例进行描述性分析。结果2016—2020年吉林省哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例59263例,其中18772例患者的标本做病原学检测,1387例患者检出致病微生物,总检出率为7.39%;诺如病毒、沙门菌、致泻大肠埃希菌属、副溶血性弧菌、志贺菌检出率分别为10.40%(729/7007)、2.73%(497/18236)、0.78%(142/18237)、0.12%(21/18236)、0.04%(8/18233)。诺如病毒和沙门菌是吉林省主要流行的食源性致病微生物(χ^(2)=3850.822,P<0.05)。2020年的食源性致病菌检出率低于2016—2019年(χ^(2)=21.622,P<0.05),第一季度的检出率高于其他三季度(χ^(2)=164.963,P<0.05),不同性别的食源性致病菌检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.988,P>0.05),5岁以下年龄组、儿童食源性致病微生物检出率最高(χ^(2)=143.125,P<0.05)。结论2016—2020年吉林省食源性疾病检出率呈下降趋势,第一季度检出率较高;诺如病毒和沙门菌是主要流行的病原体;5岁以下年龄组儿童易受食源性致病微生物感染。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020,and propose targeted measures and recommendations for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods A descriptive analysis of cases in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020 was conducted in the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system.Results From 2016 to 2020,a total of 59263 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in sentinel hospitals in Jilin Province,of which 18772 patients’specimens were tested pathogenically,and pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 1387 patients,with an overall detection rate of 7.39%;the detection rates of norovirus,Salmonella,Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and Shigella were 10.40%(729/7007),2.73%(497/18236),0.78%(142/18237),0.12%(21/18236),and 0.04%(8/18233),respectively.Norovirus and Salmonella were the main prevalent foodborne pathogenic microorganisms in Jilin Province(χ^(2)=3850.822,P<0.05).The detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in 2020 was lower than that in 2016 to 2019(χ^(2)=21.622,P<0.05),and the detection rate in the first quarter was higher than the other three quarters(χ^(2)=164.963,P<0.05),the difference in the detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by gender was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=1.988,P>0.05),and the detection rate of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms was the highest in the age group under 5 years old and children(χ^(2)=143.125,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of foodborne diseases in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020 shows a decreasing trend,with a higher detection rate in the first quarter.Norovirus and Salmonella are the main prevalent pathogens,and children in the age group under 5 years are vulnerable to foodborne pathogenic microorganisms.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 流行病学 食源性致病菌 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]