基于振动与图像检测的车轮踏面擦伤检测系统设计  

Design of Wheel Tread Scratch Detection System Based on Vibration and Image Detection

作　　者：王蒙 黄俐 殷鸿鑫 WANG Meng;HUANG Li;YIN Hong-xin(CHN ENERGY Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100048 China;China Railway Harbin Group of Technology Corp.,Ltd.,Harbin 150006 China;Tianjin Hveic Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 301799 China)

机构地区：[1]国能铁路装备有限责任公司,北京100048 [2]哈尔滨国铁科技集团股份有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [3]天津哈威克科技有限公司,天津301799

出　　处：《自动化技术与应用》2022年第4期127-131,共5页Techniques of Automation and Applications

摘　　要：为了解决现有检测系统存在的稳定性不足、检测精准度偏低的问题,本文结合振动与图像检测过程,设计了新的车轮踏面擦伤检测系统。因车轮对钢轨的冲击速度与车轮直径呈负相关、与擦伤长度和行驶速度呈正相关,则可计算轮对在不同行驶速度下对钢轨的冲击速度,并撞击速度与临界速度的关系求得车轮踏面擦伤深度。利用线性激光光源投影踏面表面,把入射光点的散射光转换成映像,并利用小波分析其多分辨率属性,然后构建振动信号与图像采集模块,并设计完整的擦伤检测系统。仿真实验结果表明,该系统可以精准检测出车轮踏面擦伤,且操作便捷、工作效率较高。In order to solve the problems of insufficient stability and low accuracy in existing detection systems, a new wheel tread abrasion detection system is designed in this paper by combining vibration and image detection process. Since the impact velocity of the wheel on the rail is negatively correlated with the diameter of the wheel and positively correlated with the abrasion length and traveling speed, the impact velocity of the wheelset on the rail under different traveling speeds can be calculated, and the depth of the wheel tread abrasion can be obtained by the relationship between the impact velocity and the critical velocity. A linear laser light source is used to project the tread surface, the scattered light of the incident light point is converted into an image, and its multi-resolution properties are analyzed by wavelet, then the vibration signal and image acquisition module are constructed, and a complete scratch detection system is designed. Simulation results show that the system can accurately detect the wheel tread abrasions, and the operation is convenient and efficient.

关 键 词：振动加速度 图像检测 车轮踏面擦伤 小波分析 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]