汉语二语学习者汉字识别中的整体/成分加工倾向研究  

Holistic and Partial Processing Tendencies in L2 Chinese Character Recognition

作　　者：徐彩华[1] 刘婷 刘燕君[2] XU Caihua;LIU Ting;LIU Yanjun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学汉语文化学院,北京100875 [2]北京华文学院专修部,北京102206

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2022年第1期56-69,共14页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(19FYYB038);教育部中外语言交流合作中心2021年度《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》教学资源建设项目(YHJC21ZD–039);华文学院项目(HW–20–B06)资助。

摘　　要：整体与部分的关系是汉字认知心理研究中的重要问题。本研究采用完全复合实验范式,以汉语母语者的行为反应为基线(n=41),考察不同汉语水平二语学习者(n=98)汉字识别中的整体/成分加工倾向。结果发现:母语者和二语学习者的汉字识别都有整体加工倾向,但入门之初学习者的汉字结构和频率反应模式与母语者完全不同,从初级阶段开始向母语者模式靠拢,到高级阶段与母语者基本类似;随着汉语水平提高,二语学习者的汉字识别会先后出现成分增强和整体增强两种现象。研究表明,在作为二语的汉字表征发展过程中,成分增强与整体增强不是非此即彼,而是在不同层面共同发展的。最后讨论了上述结果在汉字教学中的应用。The relationship between the wholes and their parts in Chinese compound characters has important theoretical implications in Chinese characters teaching to foreigners.Using the behavioral responses of native speakers(n=41)as a baseline,the present study took the complete composite matching paradigm to examine the tendency of holistic and partial processing in the recognition of compound characters among European and American students with different Chinese proficiency(n=98).The results of this study are as follows: at the beginning stage,the direction of its interaction with the structure and frequency of Chinese characters is different from that of native speakers. From the elementary stage,it gradually moves closer to the native speaker mode,and become similar to the native speaker mode in the advanced stage. As the Chinese proficiency improved,both the part processing enhancement and holistic processing enhancement can be observed among L2 learners. The results indicate that the partial enhancement and the holistic enhancement are not either one or the other,but develop together at different levels. At the end,we discussed the application of these results to the Chinese characters teaching.

关 键 词：汉字识别 二语学习者 合体字 汉字教学 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]