幻想故事中相助者的情节类型及功能  

Types and Functions of Helpers in Folk Tales

作　　者：朱家钰 Zhu Jiayu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院

出　　处：《艺术与民俗》2022年第1期51-59,共9页Journal of Arts and Folklore

摘　　要：幻想故事中帮助主人公解除困境的角色是相助者,相助者的类型可以通过对一定数量故事文本中与相助者有关的情节加以分析获得。故事中讲述相助者来历、具体行动以及行动结局三部分的情节可以被划分为“行动前因情节单元”“行动情节单元”与“行动后续情节单元”,这三个情节单元中的相助者类型可以分别做出区分。一则完整故事中的相助者,要依次经历三个情节单元,他们在每个情节单元都有不同的类型选项,所以幻想故事中的相助者类型是复合形式的。在既定的分类原则下,相助者类型的数量可利用统计学计数原理计算出24类。这24类相助者基本涵盖了幻想故事的相助者类型。相助者是盘活故事的关键,是将主人公引向美满结局的中介,他们出现的时机与行动范围,决定了故事是否能生长下去。The characters who help the protagonists to get out of predicament in fantasy stories are helpers.The types of helpers can be classified by analyzing the relevant plots in a certain number of story texts.The plot of the story that tells the background of the helper,the specific action,and the ending of the action can be classified into"action antecedent plot unit","action plot unit"and"action follow-up plot unit".Accordingly,helpers in the three plot units can be categorized respectively.A helper in a complete story goes through three plot units in turn and each plot has different types of options,so the helper is a composite of multiple types.Under the established classification principle,the types of helpers can be calculated using the statistical counting principle,that is,24 categories;it is testified that these 24 types of helpers basically cover all the types of helpers in fantasy stories.Helpers are the key to revitalizing the story and the intermediary that leads a protagonist to a happy ending.The timing and scope of their actions determine whether the story can grow.

关 键 词：故事学 民间故事 形态学 角色 计数原理 

分 类 号：I276.3[文学—中国文学]