孟子“欲”理论与仁政学说的构建  

Desire and the Doctrine of Benevolent Governance in Mencius’ Philosophy

作　　者：王闻文 沈顺福[1] WANG Wen-wen;SHEN Shun-fu(£¨Advanced Institute of Confucianism,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100£©)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第7期13-20,94,共9页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：“欲”对于孟子来说是极其重要的,是他仁政思想的重要的一环,是连接君主和百姓的枢纽,并且是实现仁政的手段。孟子的“欲”有两层含义:其一从经验性上来说,所欲是对物质生活的追求;其二从超越层面来说,所欲是对性善乃至精神的追求。如果细分的话,在经验性上又可以分为君主之欲和百姓之欲,以百姓之欲导向君主之欲。而这些又是基于对人性的考察,通过性之善恶,来说明“欲”之正当与否。最终的目的是以“欲”来实现仁政,可以说“欲”在孟子仁政思想中起着连接君主和百姓的作用。The concept of desire is extremely important to Mencius as a link between the monarch and people and a means to realize benevolent governance. Empirically, the concept means the pursuit of material life, and transcendentally it refers to the pursuit of human goodness and even spirituality. To be more specific, the empirical desire can be categorized into the desire of the monarch and the desire of people, with the latter as the guidance of the former. This is actually an investigation of human nature, and human nature is a criterion for the justification of desire. Regarding desire as a link between the monarch and people, Mencius’ ultimate goal is to realize his ideal of benevolent governance.

关 键 词：“欲” 性 孟子 仁政 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]