同义密码子使用模式对蛋白产物表达及构象形成的影响  

Effects of Synonymous Codon Usage Patterns on Protein Product Expression and Conformation Formation

作　　者：蒲飞洋 李易聪 王慧慧 冯茜莉 李倬[1,2] 马忠仁[1] 周建华 PU Fei-yang;LI Yi-cong;WANG Hui-hui;FENG Xi-li;LI Zhuo;MA Zhong-ren;ZHOU Jian-hua(Biomedical Research Center,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China;College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730010,China;Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生物医学研究中心,兰州730030 [2]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730010 [3]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,兰州730046

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2022年第3期91-98,共8页China Biotechnology

基　　金：动物医学生物工程教育部创新团队流动滚动项目(IRT-17R88)资助项目。

摘　　要：鉴于遗传密码子的简并性能够将基因遗传信息的容量提升,同义密码子使用偏嗜性得以在生物体的基因组中广泛存在。虽然同义密码子之间碱基的变化并不能导致氨基酸种类的改变,在研究mRNA半衰期、编码多肽翻译效率及肽链空间构象正确折叠的准确性和翻译等这一系列过程中发现,同义密码子使用的偏嗜性在某种程度上通过精微调控翻译机制体现其遗传学功能。同义密码子指导tRNA在翻译过程中识别核糖体的速率变化是由氨基酸的特定顺序决定,并且在新生多肽链合成时,蛋白质共翻译转运机制同时调节其空间构象的正确折叠从而保证蛋白的正常生物学功能。某些同义密码子使用偏嗜性与特定蛋白结构的形成具有显著相关性,密码子使用偏嗜性一旦改变将可能导致新生多肽空间构象出现错误折叠。结合近些年来国内外在此领域的研究成果,阐述同义密码子使用偏嗜性如何发挥精微调控翻译的生物学功能与作用。The degeneracy in genetic codons further improves the capacity of genetic information.The genetic feature leads to synonymous codon usage bias representing a universal feature across all organisms’genomes.Although synonymous codon usage variations in genes have no effects on the amino acid compositions,more and more studies point out that synonymous codon usage bias plays an important role in half-life of gene transcriptions,translational efficiency and accuracy and folding structure via fine-tune translation regulation mechanisms.Synonymous codons are used to mediate the translation rates in the process of ribosomal for transferring tRNA following the specific amino acid sequence,and the co-translation mechanism regulates the correct folding structure of the newborn peptide chain to ensure the normal biological function of the protein product.In particular,some synonymous codon usage patterns have the significantly positive correlations with folding structure formation of protein,since changes in synonymous codon usage bias could lead to folding structure of protein.Based on the previous reports in recent years,we review the related context for synonymous codon bias in fine-tune translation regulation.

关 键 词：同义密码子 基因 多肽 精微调控翻译 共翻译机制 空间构象 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]