从割裂到融合:经济史研究中归纳法与演绎法的运用  

From Disunion to Fusion:The Application of Induction and Deduction in the Study of Economic History

作　　者：易棉阳 马永军 Yi Mianyang;Ma Yongjun

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2022年第1期163-181,共19页China Economic History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国共产党探索社会主义基本经济制度百年史研究”(项目号21AJL002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：归纳与演绎是经济史学研究的两种基本方法3在西方经济史学史上,19世纪的历史经济学家和20世纪上半叶的传统经济史学家重视归纳法排斥演绎法,20世纪五六十年代崛起的新经济史学家对演绎法情有独钟,忽视归纳法的运用。在中国经济史学史上,中国经济史学者擅长于归纳法,对演绎法则比较陌生。经济史学具有求真、求解和求用三大功能,每一种功能的实现,需要运用与之匹配的研究方法,求真功能的实现,离不开归纳法的运用,经济史学的求解,则需使用演绎法,经济史学的求用,需综合使用归纳与演绎两种方法3经济史学的“三求”功能是一个整体,缺一就不是真正意义上的经济史学,这就决定,在方法论上必须实现归纳法和演绎法的兼容并蓄。归纳与演绎的兼容并蓄有两条实现路径,马克思路径和诺思路径,马克思路径适合于所有的经济史学者,而诺思路径则更适合于出身经济学界的经济史学者。Induction and deduction are two basic methods of economic history research.In the history of western economic history,The historical economists in the 19th century and the traditional economic historians in the first half of the 20th century attached importance to induction and excluded the deductive method,while the new economic historians in the 1950s and 1960s preferred the deductive method and ignored the application of induction.In the history of Chinese economic history,economic historian are good at induction,hut strange to deduc tive method.Economic history has three functions of seeking truth,solving and applying,and the realization of each function needs to use corresponding research methods.The realization of the truth-seeking function is inseparable from the application of induction.The solution of economic history needs to use deductive method.The application of economic history needs to use inductive and deductive methods.Only by taking the function of“three pursuits”as a whole,can economic historiography be called economic historiography in the real sense.Therefore,the study of economic history must realize both inductive and deductive methods in methodology.The integration of induction and deduction includes Marx’s path and North’s path.Marx’s path is suitable for all scholars of economic history,while North's path is more suitable for scholars of economic history from the academic circle.

关 键 词：经济史学 归纳法 演绎法 方法论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]