存续与升级:教育水平、教育回报与城市居民幸福感变迁  

Continuing and Upgrading: Trajectories of Education Level,Education Return and Subjective Well-Being of Urban Residents

作　　者：赵文龙[1] 代红娟 ZHAO Wenlong;DAI Hongjuan(School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期91-99,共9页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(14ASH001)。

摘　　要：透过中国进入改革深化期以来教育结构与居民幸福观的深刻变迁,围绕教育的双重回报,使用中国综合社会调查2005、2010和2015年三期调查数据,探讨了教育水平影响城市居民幸福感的作用机制及其变迁过程。研究发现:(1)受“文凭贬值”的影响,教育对幸福感的正向作用有所“缩水”;(2)在教育影响幸福感的中介机制中,教育的非物质回报相较于物质回报对幸福感的影响力上升;(3)教育回报对幸福感的历时性效应具有明显的群体异质性:较低教育水平群体的教育回报仍然保持在物质领域,而较高教育水平群体的教育回报由物质领域向非物质领域升级。这表明教育与幸福感关系的变迁与近些年居民生活质量的变迁一致,反映出人们对教育预期的理性转向,也意味着教育水平的提高可以抑制社会心态中蔓延的过度功利化现象,教育活动可以实现个体物质生活与精神生活的平衡。Since entering the period of deepening reform, the educational structure of Chinese society and residents’ subjective wellbeing have changed greatly. This paper focuses on the dual return of education, by using the data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 Chinese General Social Survey, it explores the urban residents’ education level on subjective well-being and its changes since the comprehensive deepening of China reform. The results show that: first, due to the effect of“diploma devaluation”, the positive effect of education on subjective well-being has weakened in the past ten years. Second, the influence of non-material return of education on happiness is higher than that of material return. Third, the trajectories of educational return on subjective well-being has obvious group heterogeneity. The educational return of the lower education level group remains in the material realm, while the educational return of the higher education level group upgrades from the material realm to the non-material. These findings show that the change of the relationship between education and subjective well-being is consistent with the change of residents’ quality of life in recent years, which reflects the change of people’s educational expectation. It also means that the improvement of education level can inhibit the spread of excessive utilitarian phenomena, and educational activities can achieve a balance between individual material life and spiritual life.

关 键 词：幸福感 教育水平 教育回报 教育预期 教育结构 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] C912.6[文化科学—教育技术学]