张载“心解”视域下的心性论  

The Mind-Nature Theory Under the Perspective of Zhang Zai’s“Mind-Hermeneutics”

作　　者：吴宜珊 储昭华[1] WU Yi-shan;CHU Zhao-hua(School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2022年第3期44-51,共8页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目:“庄子‘虚己’之道的政治哲学解析”(17FZX006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：张载的“心解”诠释观经历一个从自发到自觉的过程,在追求“心解”的过程中,经虚心、存心两方面的工夫,张载达到了对“本心”的明确认识,此以其虚言是虚明本心,以其实言是义理之心,兼虚实而为言则是仁心。仁心既出,张载便以之为为学根本,由此出发而展开以“虚中求出实”为特征的自觉的“心解”诠释活动;其对心、性的认识亦在此诠释活动中得到深化,遂出“与圣人心同”“性原心派”诸命题,更至于将儒学定位为心性之学。总而言之,“心解”既是张载的方法,又是他的视域,其之心性理论正是在“心解”的视域下建立起来的;然此心性理论既出,其反过来构成对“心解”之可能性与合理性说明的同时,又通过“心解”诠释活动本身而得到证明。由是就构成了一个完整的圆圈,伴随着“心解”诠释活动之深化的,正是心性论的展开。Zhang Zai’s“mind-hermeneutics”has experienced a process from the spontaneous state to the self-conscious state.In the process of pursuing“mind-hermeneutics”,Zhang Zai achieved a definite cognition of“the original mind”through the cultivation of“vacating the mind”and“preserving the mind”,which was the original mind of cognition from the aspect of“Xu”,the original mind with principle from the aspect of“Shi”,and the mind of benevolence from the two aspects of“Xu”and“Shi”.With the mind of benevolence,Zhang Zai regarded it as the foundation of learning as well as the spontaneous activity of explaining,aimed at questing“Shi”from“Xu”.In this process,he attained a deeper understanding of the mind and the human-nature so that Zhang Zai proposed several propositions such as“sharing the same mind with the sage”and“the original human-nature and the derivative mind”.Moreover,Zhang Zai regarded Confucianism as the philosophy of the mind-nature.In a word,Zhang Zai’s“mind-hermeneutics”formed his method and perspective,from which Zhang Zai constructed his mind-nature theory.Then,this theory,in turn,constituted the possible and reasonable explanation of the mind-hermeneutics and was proved by his mind-hermeneutics.Thus,it formed a complete circle,with the deepening of the activity of explaining the mind-hermeneutics,the mind-nature theory was further improved.

关 键 词：张载 心解 心性论 诠释学 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]